A form of metalinguistic knowledge that includes the ability to recognize the sounds of language and to talk about them; one of the basic skills that underlies literacy.
What is phonological awareness?
100
Children’s earliest awareness of the function and form of literacy has been termed _________.
What is emergent literacy?
100
What did Garton and Pratt (1989) have to say about the traditional of writing and reading instruction?
They believe that children, as active learners, acquire much information about writing even before they receive formal instruction in reading.
100
Jean Berk Gleason developed this test to assess children’s understanding of English morphology.
What is the Wug test?
200
This type of narrative analysis focuses on the structural elements and problem- solving aspects of stories
What is story grammar?
200
______ are word games (usually structured as questions) that are dependent on phonological, morphological, lexical, or syntactic ambiguity.
What are riddles?
200
A 2001 study by Dickinson & Tabors found that ________ were more important than _________ for kindergarten literacy measures.
school factors, home literacy experiences
(importance of preschool, especially in balancing for low SES)
200
_______ is systematic rule-governed spelling that is created by developing writers.
What is invented spelling?
200
According to this view, language develops as cognitive skills become advanced enough for representative thinking – neural connections are strengthened through exposure to adult speech.
What is the cognitive interactionist view?
300
In _________, the classic story builds up to a climactic point that is then resolved.
What is high-point analysis?
300
________ builds upon preceding utterances, with the goal being to outwit one’s interlocutor by generating a statement that cannot be topped; it is a way in which verbal skill is performed and practiced in the presence of an audience.
What is sounding?
300
Orthographic systems with nearly perfect one-to-one grapheme–phoneme relationships are termed ________.
What are shallow orthographies?
300
___________ is informal personal writing, sometimes characterized as thinking out loud, and includes diary entries and letters to friends.
What is expressive writing?
300
Early acts of communication (sometimes called primitive speech acts) observed in a typically developing child.
What are Labeling, Requesting, Showing, Protesting, Answering, Greeting, Calling, and Practicing?
400
In addition to describing what happened (a process termed "reference" by Labov), classic high-point narratives include ________, the narrator’s attitude toward what happened.
What is evaluation?
400
Researchers agree that phonological awareness is strongly linked to children’s ability to __________.
read and write
400
English is considered a __________, in that the relationships between graphemes and phonemes are more variable.
What is a deep orthography?
400
_______ writing is organized hierarchically and is closely associated with Bruner’s paradigmatic mode of thought.
What is expository?
400
These are measures for analyzing diversity of vocabulary use.
What are Number of Different Words (NDW) and Type Token Ratio (TTR)?
500
Spanish-speaking Peruvian Andean children, for instance, convey evaluation not by suspending the narrative as described by Labovian frameworks, but by ________ the order of events, such as introducing a _________ experience at the high point of the narrative
departing from, different but related
500
Common examples of pragmatic awareness include the ability to judge _______ adequacy, the ability to determine ___________, and the ability to describe explicitly the ______ rules governing language use.
referential, comprehensibility, social
500
__________ refers to all the information about a word, its possible meanings, and its relations to other words and to real-world referents.
What is semantic knowledge?
500
As with reading acquisition, writing research on DLL children suggests that there is some ____________ in second language writing.
What is cross-linguistic transfer?
500
"Honesty," "courage," and "friendship" are examples of what type of noun?