Academics
What is higher?
In Morse v. Frederick (2007), this phrase, printed on a banner displayed by a student at a school-related event, prompted SCTOUS to rule that the First Amendment does not prevent school administrators from restricting some student expression.
What is "Bong Hits 4 Jesus"?
This tactic alone is ineffective at best when responding to gangs.
What is suppression?
A juvenile sending a nude or nearly nude picture as a means of showing interest in a relationship would be engaging in this.
What is sexting?
This is the most commonly used substance among juveniles.
What is alcohol?
The gap in scores by this persists even when class is considered as a factor.
What is race?
Tinker v. Des Moines (1969) focused on the infringement of this right.
What is freedom of speech?
This theorist's definition of a gang from the 1970s focuses on how the group is perceived by others, as well as how they perceive themselves.
Who is Malcolm Klein?
A female gang that works together with a male gang would be referred to as this.
What is an auxiliary gang?
This response to drug use is exemplified by Nancy Reagan's "Just Say No" campaign.
What is a media campaign?
The practice of placing juveniles in classrooms based on their perceived intellectual abilities.
What is tracking?
New Jersey v. T.L.O. ruled that this was the standard for searching student property on a school campus.
What is reasonable suspicion?
This theorist's 1927 definition of a gang discusses an "interstitial group... formed spontaneously and then integrated through conflict.... and attachment to a local territory."
Who is Frederick Thrasher?
This hypothesis of delinquency suggests that having friends who are delinquent increases the likelihood of delinquency in a juvenile.
What is the socialization hypothesis of delinquency?
The 1/2 of an MBL I was allowed to have while serving as a junior bridesmaid in my uncle's wedding would fall under this category of why people use drugs.
What is celebration?
This act largely introduced zero-tolerance policies into schools.
What is the Gun Free Schools Act of 1994?
In this case, a 14 y/o boy needed medical attention and 10 days out of school to recover from a paddling. SCOTUS ruled that corporal punishment was within the school's prerogative, but to be thoughtful in their use.
What is Ingraham v. Wright (1977)?
This theory of gang formation suggests that the form through the opposition of mainstream norms like nonviolent behavior.
What is the subculture of violence theory?
This hypothesis of delinquency suggests that the most important factor influencing juvenile delinquency is the amount of supervision.
What is the opportunity hypothesis of delinquency?
Girls of color are especially vulnerable to starting drug use following this type of experience.
What is sexual (or physical) abuse?
This is one reason hypersecurity and intolerance in schools are counterproductive, according to Kupchik.
What are 1. Schools are overreacting; 2. Real student problems are often ignored; 3. Students are being taught the wrong lessons; 4. Student misbehavior is likely to get worse with these policies; or 5. At-risk students are at greater risk
What are 1. oral or written notice; 2. explanation of the evidence; and 3. an opportunity to present their (the student's) side of the story?
This theory of gang formation discusses historical and structural factors such as racism, poverty, and pressure to assimilate.
What is multiple marginality theory?
This theory of gang formation suggests that they form because kids have free time.
What is routine activities (or opportunity) theory?
This strategy frames drug use as a public health concern, rather than a legal concern.
What is a harm reduction strategy?