- name of man who came up woth theory of CONTINENTAL DRIFT
Who is Alfred Wegener?
100
magma
What is the term for hot, melted rock inside the earth?
100
Define water infiltration rate and what is this measured in?
Water infiltration rate is how fast water moves through a column of soil. This is measured in seconds per volume of soil. (seconds per liter or seconds per mililiter)
200
What is the difference between rocks made from magma and lava?
rocks made from lava are called extrusive igneous rocks and they are formed quicker than rocks made from magma which are called intrusive igneous rocks
200
What is the composition of humus or organic material?
Define organic.
Humus is composed of decayed plant and animal materials. Organic means the material contains carbon.
200
- the most obvious piece of evidence used to support the CONTINENTAL DRIFT theory
What is the jigsaw fit of the coastlines between Africa and South America?
200
Pangaea
What is the name given to the supercontinent that included all land masses?
200
Define water holding capacity and what is this measured in?
Water holding capacity is the amount of water a volume of soil can hold. This is measured in liters or mililiters
300
type of rock forms when heat or pressure is applied to igneous rock
What is metamorphic rock?
300
What are the 3 main components of mineral materials in soil?
What is the primary difference between the 3?
Sand, silt, and clay
The main difference is the size of the particles: sand is the largest and clay is the smallest.
300
- it is the year that the theory was proposed
What is 1912 or 1915?
300
an underwater mountain chain
What is the mid-oceanic ridge?
300
Define soil erosion. list 2 human activities that increase the rateof soil erosion.
the movement of soil thru wind or water.
overgrazing, urbanization, agriculture, or deforestation
400
- type of igneous rock that forms when LAVA cools
What is EXTRUSIVE igneous rock?
400
What is the primary compound in mineral materials?
SiO2 - silicon dioxide
400
- what made up the 'plates' in this theory?
What are continents or large land masses?
400
- the geologic event that usually occurs at plate boundaries and occurred in Mexico and Chile recently!
What are earthquakes?
400
- the circular movement of hot molten rock within the mantle that moves the plates
What are convection currents?
500
- term for rocks that have large crystals, coarse texture, and cooled SLOWLY
What is INTRUSIVE igneous rock?
500
Where does the mineral components of soils originate from?
Weathered or eroded rocks
500
Four pieces of evidence used to support the Theory of CONTINENTAL DRIFT
What is:
- jisaw fit between African and South American coastline
- similar mountains on either side of Atlantic Ocean
- fossils of the same species found in Africa and South America
- ice sheets found on certain continents ?
500
- term given to magma when it reaches the water, or air if it is on land
What is LAVA?
500
List the soil horizons in order from the surface. Describe the top layer, second layer, and bottom layer.