Hydrocarbon Naming
The prefix used for an organic chain containing exactly three carbon atoms
What is prop-?
This functional group consists of an oxygen atom double-bonded to a carbon, which is also bonded to a hydroxyl group (–COOH).
What is a carboxyl group?
A solution with a pH of 4 is this many times more acidic than a solution with a pH of 5.
What is 10 times?
These two gas families that are the primary causes of human-caused acid deposition.
What are sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides?
This term refers to the increase in concentration of a toxin as it moves up the food chain.
What is biomagnification?
The general name for a hydrocarbon that contains only single bonds.
What is an alkane?
The suffix used when naming a molecule that contains an alcohol functional group.
What is -ol?
This laboratory technique is used to determine the unknown concentration of an acid by reacting it with a standard base.
What is a titration?
This term describes synthetic organic compounds, like DDT, that do not break down easily in nature.
What are Persistent Organic Pollutants or POPs?
This term describes the initial buildup of a toxin within the tissues of a single organism over its lifetime, before it even moves up the food chain.
What is bioaccumulation?
The IUPAC name for a four-carbon chain with a double bond between the first and second carbons.
What is but-1-ene?)
These compounds are formed by the reaction between a carboxylic acid and an alcohol.
What are esters?
In a titration, this is the point where the indicator changes colour.
What is the endpoint?
These chemicals, once used in refrigerators, are responsible for thinning the ozone layer.
What are CFCs or chlorofluorocarbons?
To be subject to biomagnification, a toxin must be persistent and soluble in this substance.
What is fat or lipids?
This aromatic molecule consists of a six-carbon ring with delocalized electrons.
What is benzene?
This is the IUPAC name for the alcohol found in alcoholic beverages, containing two carbon atoms.
What is ethanol?
These substances resist changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added.
What are buffers?
This device, found in cars, helps reduce nitrogen oxide emissions by converting them into nitrogen and oxygen gas.
What is a catalytic converter?
This specific organic halide was widely used as an insecticide until it was found to cause thin eggshells in predatory birds like the peregrine falcon.
What is DDT?
The IUPAC name for a five-carbon alkane that has a methyl group attached to the second carbon.
What is 2-methylbutane?
The name of the ester produced when methanol reacts with ethanoic acid.
What is methyl ethanoate?
Calculate the pH of a solution with a hydronium ion concentration of 1.0 x10^-9 mol/L.
What is 9?
This "effect" explains why high levels of synthetic organic pollutants are found in the Arctic, far from where they were produced.
What is the grasshopper effect?
These specific organic compounds, used in electrical transformers and coolants until the 1970s, are notorious for their persistence and for being highly fat-soluble, leading to severe biomagnification in killer whales and polar bears.
What are PCBs (Polychlorinated Biphenyls)?