PHYSICS
BIOLOGY
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ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
SNHS
100

Two arrows are launched at the same time with the same speed. Arrow A at an angle greater than 45 degrees and arrow B at an angle less than 45 degrees. Both land at the same spot on the ground. Which arrow arrives first?

A. A

B. B

C. same time

D. depends on the elevation

B. B

100

During photosynthesis

A. light reactions produce sugar, while the Calvin cycle produces O2.

B. light reactions produce NADPH and ATP, while the Calvin cycle produces sugar.

C. light reactions photophosphorylate ADP, while the Calvin cycle produces ATP.

D. the Calvin cycle produces both sugar and O2.

B. light reactions produce NADPH and ATP, while the Calvin cycle produces sugar.

100

Alcohols have higher boiling than ethers because of this

Hydrogen bonding

100

A homeowner in the Northern Hemisphere is considering installing photovoltaic (PV) panels on the roof of the home to help provide electricity for the home. The homeowner has read conflicting reports on which compass direction the panels should face to maximize the amount of electricity (in kWh) that the panels can produce. Homeowner wants to make an experiment.

(a) Identify the independent variable in the experiment. 

(b) Identify the dependent variable in the experiment. 

(c) Identify a reasonable hypothesis for the experimen  

(a) Direction the panels face 

(b) Amount of electrical energy produced

(c) If the photovoltaic panels face north/south/east/west, then the maximum amount of electricity will be produced. 

OR

The position (compass direction) of solar panels will affect how much energy is produced. 

100

Who drew our mascot?

Killian Nelson

200

The left end of a rod of length D and rotational inertia I is attached to a frictionless horizontal surface by a frictionless pivot. Point C marks the center (midpoint) of the rod. The rod is initially motionless but is free to rotate around the pivot. A student will slide a disk of mass mdisk toward the rod with velocity v0 perpendicular to the rod, and the disk will stick to the rod a distance x from the pivot. The student wants the rod-disk system to end up with as much angular speed as possible. Suppose the rod is much more massive than the disk. To give the rod as much angular speed as possible, should the student make the disk hit the rod:

A. To the left of C

B. At C

C. To the right of C

C. To the right of C

200

Are there any parts of the human body that get oxygen directly from the air and not from the blood? If so, what parts?

Yes. Upper-layer skin cells and the cells in the front surface of the eyes get a significant amount of oxygen directly from the air rather than from the blood.

200

Permits ions to flow without extensive mixing of the solutions in separate compartments 

What is a salt bridge/porous disk used for?

200

Identify which of the following three phenomena that are formed by aeolian processes: 

A. Yardangs

B. Ventifacts

C. Dunes

D. All of the above

E. None of the above 

D. All of the above

200

Caused Nithya to make a trip to Kroger half-way through Science Fun Day 

hint: experiment name

What did the experiment Oreo Moon Phases do?

300

A student of mass Ms, standing on a smooth surface, uses a stick to push a disk of mass MD. The student exerts a constant horizontal force of magnitude FH over the time interval from time t=0 to t=tf while pushing the disk. Assume there is negligible friction between the disk and the surface.

 i. Assuming the disk begins at rest, determine an expression for the final speed vD of the disk relative to the surface. Express your answer in terms of FH, tf , Ms, MD, and physical constants, as appropriate.

ii. Assume there is negligible friction between the student’s shoes and the surface. After time tf , the student slides with speed vS. Derive an equation for the ratio vD / vS. Express your answer in terms of MS, MD, and physical constants, as appropriate.  

i. vD = (FHtf)/(MD)

ii. vD/vs = MS/MD

300

Of the following, which mechanisms are important in the death of erythrocytes in human blood? 

A. phagocytosis 

B. hemolysis

C. mechanical damage 

D. all of the above

D. all of the above

300

Which of the following reactions is most likely to have both a positive ΔH and ΔS?

A.  heat + NH4Cl (s) → NH3 (g) + HCl (g)
B.  2SO2 (g) + O2 (g) → 2SO3 (g) + heat
C.  heat + H2 (g) + CO2 (g) → H2O(g) + CO(g)
D.  2NO (g) → N2 (g) + O2 (g) + heat

A.  heat + NH4Cl (s) → NH3 (g) + HCl (g)

300

Mosses and liverworts comprise this subdivision of plants. Name this plant subdivision.  

Bryophytes or Bryophyta

300

What month is Mrs. Champagne's birthday?

October

400

An open cart on a level surface is rolling without frictional loss through a vertical downpour of rain. As the cart rolls an appreciable amount of rainwater accumulates in the cart. The speed of the cart will:

A. increase because of conservation of mechanical energy

B. decrease because of conservation of momentum

C. decrease because of conservation of mechanical energy

D. remain the same because the raindrops are falling perpendicular to the direction of the cart's motion

B. decrease because of conservation of momentum

400

Researchers hypothesize that the plant compound resveratrol improves mitochondrial function. To test this hypothesis, researchers dissolve resveratrol in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The solution readily passes through cell membranes. They add the resveratrol solution to mammalian muscle cells growing in a nutrient-rich solution (culture medium) that contains glucose. They measure ATP production at several time points after the addition of the resveratrol solution and find an increase in ATP production by the muscle cells. 

(a) Describe the primary advantage for a mammalian muscle cell in using aerobic respiration over fermentation. 

(b) Identify an appropriate negative control for this experiment that would allow the researchers to conclude that ATP is produced in response to the resveratrol treatment

Researchers hypothesize that the plant compound resveratrol improves mitochondrial function. To test this hypothesis, researchers dissolve resveratrol in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The solution readily passes through cell membranes. They add the resveratrol solution to mammalian muscle cells growing in a nutrient-rich solution (culture medium) that contains glucose. They measure ATP production at several time points after the addition of the resveratrol solution and find an increase in ATP production by the muscle cells. 

(a) Describe the primary advantage for a mammalian muscle cell in using aerobic respiration over fermentation. 

(b) Identify an appropriate negative control for this experiment that would allow the researchers to conclude that ATP is produced in response to the resveratrol treatment

a) More ATP (per glucose molecule) is produced by aerobic respiration. 

b) The researchers must run the experiment without adding resveratrol.

OR 

The researchers must treat the cells with DMSO alone.

400

Given the following standard reduction potentials, which reaction would be expected to occur?

Cu+ + e− → Cu (s) E° = +0.52 V

2H+ + 2e− → H2 (g) E° = 0 V

Pb2+ + 2e− → Pb (s) E° = −0.13 V

Cr3+ + e− → Cr2+ E° = −0.41 V

A. 2Cu (s) + Pb2+ → 2Cu+ + Pb (s)

B. Pb2+ + H2 (g) → Pb (s) + 2H+

C. 2Cr2+ + Pb2+ → Pb (s) + 2Cr3+

D. Pb (s) + 2Cr3+ → 2Cr2+ + Pb2+

C. 2Cr2+ + Pb2+ → Pb (s) + 2Cr3+

400

Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding the planet Mercury? 

A. Mercury is more massive than Ganymede 

B. Mercury has a magnetic field generated by a liquid iron core 

C. Mercury is synchronously tidally locked with the Sun

D. Craters on Mercury's north pole are known to contain water ice

C. Mercury is synchronously tidally locked with the Sun

400

Which one of our officers has been on the slides the most, and how many times?

Divya Patel - 6 times

500

What happens to the force of gravitational attraction between two small objects if the mass of each object is doubled and the distance between their centers is doubled?

A. doubled

B. quadrupled

C. halved

D. remains the same

D. remains the same

500

Organisms that reproduce sexually exhibit zygotic, gametic, or sporic meiosis. One way to determine the type of life cycle an organism has is by

A. observing embryonic development

B. comparing the diploid and haploid forms of the organism.

C. determining when in the life cycle fertilization occurs.

D. determining if gametes are multicellular or unicellular.

B. comparing the diploid and haploid forms of the organism.

500

2N2O5 (g) → 2N2 (g) + 5O2 (g)

Dinitrogen pentoxide decomposes in a first- order reaction with a half-life of 7 minutes at 230°C according to the equation above.

If N2O5 is added to an evacuated flask to a pressure of 800 torr at 230°C, what is the total pressure in the flask after 14 minutes?

A.  200 torr

B.  800 torr

C.  1,400 torr

D.  2,300 torr

D.  2,300 torr

500

The project will consist of 200 wind turbines, each with a capacity of 4 megawatts (MW). Each turbine costs $1.2 million to build. Electrical demand in the area to be served by the project is expected to be 2.0 × 106 MWh per year. 

(A) Calculate how much electricity (in MWh) the wind project needs to generate per year in order to provide 80% of the annual electrical demand in the service area. Show all work.

A. (0.80)(2.0x106 MWh) = 1.6x106 MWh

500

What is an officer position we recently added?

Social Director