Matter and Atoms
what are atoms?
everything
whats the difference between a physical and chemical change.
physical cant change the chemical composition but chemical does.
Whats a ecosystem?
a ecosystem is a dynamic system where living organisms interact with each other and their physical environment, forming a complex web of relationships.
whats one of earths systems?
geosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere.
What is energy?
the capacity or ability to do work or produce change.
what are all of atoms subatomic partials?
protons, electrons, neutrons.
What are the signs that a chemical reaction has occurred?
change in color or smell, boiling, formation of gas, tempeture.
What do we call animals that eat only plants?
herbivore.
Which Earth system includes rivers, oceans, and rain?
Hydrosphere
Which has more potential energy: a ball at the top of a hill or at the bottom?
At the top of the hill — because it has the potential to move due to gravity.
what orbits the nucleus?
electrons.
What gas is produced when vinegar reacts with baking soda?
carbon dioxide.
What is the difference between a producer and a consumer in an ecosystem?
Producers make their own food using sunlight (like plants).
Consumers eat other organisms for energy (like animals).
Which Earth system includes clouds, oxygen, and weather?
Atmosphere
What type of energy transformation happens when you turn on a flashlight?
Chemical energy (from the battery) → Electrical energy → Light energy
true or false?
All matter is composed of extremely small particles called atoms, which cannot be subdivided, created, or destroyed.
true
What type of reaction is this?
HCl+NaOH→NaCl+H2O
neutralization.
In a food chain, what happens if all the herbivores disappear?
If herbivores disappear, carnivores will have less food and their populations might decrease. Also, plant populations might grow too much without herbivores to eat them.
What happens when a volcano erupts in terms of Earth’s systems? (Name at least two systems that interact.)
Geosphere: The volcano is part of Earth’s crust.
Atmosphere: Ash and gases go into the air.
Biosphere: It can affect living things nearby.
Hydrosphere: Lava can change water flow or heat lakes/rivers.
Why does a moving car have kinetic energy?
Because kinetic energy is the energy of motion, and the car is moving.
What is the difference between physical properties and chemical properties of matter?
(Physical properties can be observed without changing the substance, while chemical properties describe how a substance reacts with others.)
Balance this simple chemical equation:
H2+O2→H2O
2H2+O2→2H2O
What type of relationship is shown in this example?
"A bird eats insects off a cow’s back. The bird gets food, and the cow gets rid of pests."
Mutualism – Both organisms benefit.
A hurricane forms over the ocean and causes flooding on land. Which Earth systems are interacting?
Atmosphere: The storm forms in the air.
Hydrosphere: It gets energy from warm ocean water.
Geosphere: Floodwaters change the land.
Biosphere: It impacts people, animals, and plants.
A roller coaster goes down a hill and speeds up. How does energy change during this motion?
Potential energy is converted into kinetic energy as the coaster moves down the hill.