Particle theory of matter
What are the basics of matter theory?
All matter is made up of tiny particles.
What is Viscosity?
This term refers to a fluid's internal resistance to flow, often thought of as "thickness."
What is mass?
The measure of the amount of matter in an object.
What is the only fluid that can be compressed?
Gas (gases and liquids are both fluids.)
What is the name of the upward force exerted by a fluid that opposes the weight of an immersed object?
The buoyant force.
Do gaps exist in a solid object?
According to the particle theory of matter, there are gaps between all particles, even if the object looks solid.
What are Liquids and Gases?
These are the two states of matter that are collectively referred to as "fluids" because they can flow.
What is volume?
The measure of the 3D space occupied by an object.
Why can’t liquids be compressed?
Their particles are already packed closely together with little space between them.
If an object’s average density is less than the density of the fluid it is placed in, will it sink or float?
It will float.
What is Motion in particle theory of matter?
This happens to the speed of particles when you add thermal energy (heat) to a substance
What is Higher viscosity?
Higher viscosity is when something is thicker, the molecules are closer together and make a liquid move slower.
What is density?
The degree of compactness in a substance.
What is Pascal’s law?
Any pressure applied to a confined, incompressible fluid is transmitted equally in all directions throughout the fluid and to the container walls.
According to Archimedes' Principle, the buoyant force on an object is equal to what?
The weight of the fluid that the object displaces.
What is the states of matter?
Solid, Liquid, and Gas.
How does an increase in temperature typically affect the viscosity of a liquid?
It decreases the viscosity. As a liquid is heated, the particles move faster and pull apart, allowing the fluid to flow more easily.
What is the formula for density?
mass/volume = density.
How is pressure calculated in a fluid system?
Pressure is calculated by dividing the force by the area over which it is applied.
Why can a ship made of heavy steel (which is denser than water) stay afloat?
Because the ship is hollow, its average density (including the air inside) is less than the density of water. Its large volume allows it to displace a weight of water equal to its own weight.
What is expansion?
This term describes what happens when a substance's particles move further apart and take up more volume due to heating.
Unlike liquids, the viscosity of gases actually increases when they are heated. Why does this happen?
As a gas heats up, its particles move faster and collide more frequently. These increased collisions create more internal friction, making it harder for the gas layers to slide past one another, thereby increasing its resistance to flow.
How do you calculate flow rate?
Flow rate is calculated by dividing the volume of the fluid by the time taken
In a hydraulic lift system, how can a small input force lift a heavy load?
Based on Pascal’s Law, applying a force to a small piston creates pressure that is transmitted to a larger piston. Because the pressure is equal, the larger area of the second piston results in a much greater output force.
If an object with a mass of 10 kg is placed in a pool and it displaces 8 kg of water, what is the "apparent mass" of the object while it is submerged?
2 kg. The buoyant force supports the object with a force equal to the mass of the displaced fluid.