Matter
Device to measure temperature
Thermometer
According to Alfred Weigener all continents were once part of a supercontinent called ________.
Pangaea
Deposits of minerals that are large enough to be mined for a profit
Ore
A series of chemical reactions that convert light energy, water, and carbon dioxide into the food-energy molecule glucose, and give off oxygen.
Photosynthesis
A group of organisms that have similar traits and are able to produce fertile offspring.
species
A substance made of only one type of atom
Element
Molten rock below Earth’s surface
magma
Temperature and precipitation help determine an area’s ________, or average weather.
climate
The part of Earth and the surrounding atmosphere where there is life.
biosphere
Anything that restricts the size of a population.
limiting factor
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a material
Temperature
The ______ ________ ________ measures the intensity of an earthquake based on descriptions of its effects on people and structures. It ranges from I, an earthquake that people do not feel, to XII, an earthquake that destroys everything. The higher the number is, the greater the effects.
Modified Mercalli scale
Any new synthetic material is a ________ — the practical use of scientific knowledge
technology
__________ is the most common plant pigment, and it is necessary for photosynthesis. Most plants appear green in color because ________ reflects green light.
Chlorophyll
A symbiotic relationship that benefits one species but does not harm or benefit the other
Commensalism
A characteristic of matter that can be observed as it changes to a different type of matter
chemical property
________ is caused by high-pressure systems that remain over an area for weeks or months. The sinking air stops moisture from rising, and cloud formation cannot occur
Drought
A molecule made up of many small organic molecules bonded together, forming a long chain.
polymer
_______ get their energy by eating the remains of other organisms. They are often called decomposers.
Detritivores
Like sediment, decaying organisms fall to the bottom of a body of water. They add nutrients to the water. The process of a body of water becoming nutrient rich is called ___________.
Eutrophication
______ _______ are formed from atoms that have opposite charges. The atoms have a strong force of attraction to each other, due to their charges. Because of this, ______ _______ form extended structures as solids. These structures can form crystals.
Ionic compounds
Earth’s outermost layers are cold and rigid compared to the layers within Earth’s interior. The cold and rigid outermost rock layer is called the ___________. The crust and the solid, uppermost mantle form the _________.
lithosphere
_______ are made of two or more synthetic materials. They are made to ephasize a specifi property, like flexibility or strength. Types of _______ include concrete, plywood, and fiberglass.
composites
nitrogen fixation
___________ are regions along coastlines where streams or rivers flow into a body of salt water. Most ___________ form along coastlines where freshwater in rivers mixes with salt water in oceans.
Estuaries