In the Jungle
SPACE
how can food webs be helpful?
*evaluate possible outcomes if a species goes extinct
*evaluate how different species rely on each other
Name 2 ways that Carbon is released back into the atmosphere
burning of fossil fuels; respiration, reasonable accepted
Soil compaction can lead to
increased flooding; less plants being able to grow
Define the word ecology
study of how organisms interact with their environment
Bioluminescent fungi and click beetles display a commensalism relationship where one organism benefits and the other gets nothing . Which organism benefits and how?
fungi- gets its spores spread
What is mutualism? Give an example (specify how each benefits)
Mutualism: both organisms benefit
Examples (reasonable accepted) honey bee gets food and flower gets pollinated
Carbon: life is organic (C-based) and needs C to make amino acids, lipids, carbs, and DNA
Nitrogen: needed for proteins and DNA
How is Carbon passed on to consumer organisms
they have to eat a plant or another animal
The term “ORGANIC” in the science world means
Carbon based
The railroad worm has both red lights and yellow light. How does it use both sets of lights?
Yellow wards off predators
Red is used to find prey without being seen
Define niche. Also, Name an organism in Ohio and what its niche would be
Niche: role in the environment
Examples (reasonable accepted) Chipmunk: eat nuts/berries and provide a food source for snakes/ hawks
N-fixation converts N2 gas into a N-based compound that will be converted by nitrification into usable N-based compounds. Assimilation is when the N is actually used by the plant to grow
Which organism completes Carbon Fixation? Which organism completes Nitrogen Fixation? Why do Carbon and Nitrogen have to be "fixed"?
C fixation: plants
N fixation: bacteria
both have to be "fixed" because they are unusable as a gas in the atmosphere
Explain the difference between a sample count and mark & recapture. Provide an example of each type
Sample: count a portion of the population to estimate total size (estimate deer population)
Mark & recapture: tag and release to record whereabouts (purple martin population counts)
Describe two biotic factors and two abiotic factors in the jungle
biotic: any 2 life forms
abiotic: water, air, space, temperature, humidity
Primary consumer: herbivore (deer, rabbit, chipmunk, etc.)
Tertiary consumer: top tier predator (coyote, bear, bald eagle)
If you feed your fish too much, they might die, but not from overeating. How does the nitrogen cycle explain this observation?
too much food will rot and go into ammonification which creates toxic ammonia in the tank.
Why are both the Nitrogen Cycle and the Carbon Cycle are classified as BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES
they involve the cycling of materials between the atmosphere, earth, plants, and animals
Eutrophication: algae overgrowth in a water source
Causes: too many nutrients (N & P) get into the water by overuse of fertilizers/ pollution
DESCRIBE 2 differences between how the red bird of paradise and the wilson bird of paradise attract females. (include where each bird does his display and what kind of display it is)
Red Bird=performs a dance in the tree tops
Wilson bird= displays bright green feathers on the forest floor
Compare and Contrast Commensalism and Parasitism
Commensalism= one organism benefits, other organism gets nothing
Parasitism= one organism benefits, other organism is harmed
Both= have only one organism that benefits
Legume plants have a mutualism relationship with specialized bacteria in the Nitrogen cycle. How does each benefit?
Legumes: get much needed nitrogen to help them grow
Bacteria: get a home in the roots
How is soil both biotic and abiotic?
Biotic: has organic matter like poo, decaying leaves; worms, insects, fungi
Abiotic: minerals, air, water, sand, silt, clay
How do plants help prevent soil erosion and eutrophication?
Prevent erosion: plant roots hold onto the soil
Prevent eutrophication: plants absorb excess nutrients