Section 1.0
The first place rocks break below the surface; The point on the surface directly above the initial break
Focus; Epicentre
Building blocks of rocks
Minerals
Name of the supercontinent and the name of the scientist who proposed this theory
Pangaea; Alfred Wegener
Provide us with indirect evidence of life in the past, such as the footprints, tracks, and burrows
Trace fossils
Sedimentary
This happens when a rock is broken apart by physical forces such as ice, wind and water.
Mechanical weathering
This property of minerals describes how light is reflected off of the mineral's surface
Lustre
The Rocky Mountains formed by what type of plate boundary?
Converging boundary
Layers of sediment that have formed over millions of years
Strata
The age of the Earth
Approximately 4.6 billion years old
The solid upper part of the mantle and the crust make this layer
Lithosphere
This property describes when a mineral splits easily into two smooth surfaces.
When plates push together and one plate is forced down below another
Subduction
Filled in cavities left by original bodies in the process of fossilization
Casts
The device that detects the waves in the earth caused by earthquakes
Seismograph
The four main layers of the Earth, listed from inside out
Inner core, outer core, mantle, crust
The two processes that break any rock type into sediments, which could then form sedimentary rocks by heat and pressure
Weathering and erosion
An up-fold in a rock, and a down-fold in a rock, respectfully
anticline; syncline
Fossil bed in British Columbia that has preserved the soft tissue of many species
Burgess Shale Fossil Bed
The oldest layer of rock below Alberta
Precambrian Shield
Events of a volcanic eruption
1. molten rock in magma chamber melts, expands, moves upward
2. magma forces its way through a weakness in the crust
3. eruption begins - lava flows down the sides and shoots violently into the air
4. ash settles, can be carried away by wind, can mix with rain; rock fragments scatter; lava moves down the volcano
Rock formed from magma that cooled and hardened beneath the surface of the Earth
Intrusive rock (type of igneous rock)
4 pieces of evidence used to support the theory of Continental Drift
- apparent fit of the continents
- fossil distribution
- rock and mineral distribution
- past climate data (glaciers)
(also - coal deposits)
The four eras of Earth's history in reverse chronological order
Cenozoic, Mesozoic, Paleozoic, Precambrian
The word "metamorphic" is a combination of two Greek words: "meta" meaning ______ and "morph" meaning ______, respectively
change; form