Heredity
A word defined as 'the genetic heritage passed down by parents'.
Heredity
This is a section of DNA that carries instructions for one particular trait, such as eye color.
Gene
Cells are duplicated in order to grow and repair damaged tissues within this process.
Mitosis
The structure of DNA is in a _____.
Double helix
Genetic mutations are temporary changes to one's genetic code. True or false?
False; genetic mutations are permanent
In a litter of five puppies, four are black while only one is white with black spots. The trait for black fur is considered this type of gene.
Dominant
There are 46 chromosomes in every cell of a human being. That means you get this amount of chromosomes from either parent.
23
In meiosis, the chromosomes within gametes are reduced by half. True or false?
True
These 'rungs' of the DNA ladder are patterned to create genetic code.
Bases
Mutation affects DNA by altering the structure of ___, leading to a different protein structure.
mRNA
Out of a group of seven saplings, all grown from seeds of the same parent, two of the saplings have white leaves. If the other five saplings have green leaves, the white saplings have what type of gene?
Recessive
This is a method used to determine the number of possible outcomes of inherited traits of an organism, such as the color of pea plant pods.
Punnett squares
In this third phase of meiosis, paired chromosomes are split into opposite directions as the cell begins to split.
Anaphase
One of the two types of RNA, its role is to decode mRNA to create proteins.
tRNA
Most genetic mutations will not be harmful to the survival of the organism that carries the mutated gene. True or false?
True
While some of our personal traits are inherited, or derive from our nature, others are a product of our environment, also known as this.
Nurture
A dog gets its ability to sit and shake hands through inherited traits. True or False?
False; these skills are nurtured/trained.
This vocabulary term describes how the cytoplasm within a parent cell are split evenly between the newly formed daughter cells.
Cytokinesis
This is the part of the cell that mRNA delivers its instructions to initiate the process of protein-creation.
Ribosome
Cancer can be caused by a mutation in a gene that controls this cell-replicating process.
Mitosis
This vocab term describes when an organism inherits a rare trait, formed from only having recessive genes.
Mutation
In _____ dominance, the allele for a specific trait is not completely dominant over its paired allele, causing a third trait that combines both alleles (ex. a black mouse and white mouse produce offspring with gray fur).
Incomplete
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase
The four bases that make up the DNA ladder are ___, Thymine, Guanine, and Cytosine.
Adenine
In recessive genetic diseases, like sickle cell anemia, a child would inherit the trait if ___ of the parents has the mutated gene.
Both