Punnett Square
What are Punnett squares used for?
It is a graphic tool used to predict the possible genotypes of offspring in a given cross.
What is Gregor Mendel known as?
The Father of Genetics
An alternative form of a gene.
Allele
If someone has siblings that are all short, what would be the likely reason for this characteristic?
They have short parents.
What is the study of how traits are passed from parents to offspring?
genes
How are Punnett Squares used to predict patterns of heredity?
The probability that a certain genotype will occur.
Who was a monk who lived in Austria during the 1800's?
Gregor Mendel
the passing of genetic material to offspring
A cat with short hair is breed with a cat with long hair. Which outcome would tell that the trait for the cat's hair length is incomplete dominance?
All the offspring have medium length fur.
What set of letters (uppercase or lowercase) do homozygous individuals describe?
Two upper or two lowercase letters (alleles)
What type of letters (uppercase or lowercase?) do dominant alleles stand for?
Uppercase letter.
What did Gregor Mendel discover about heredity?
He disproved the idea of blending inheritance.
Traits depend on inherited factors.
a section of DNA that contains instructions for a particular characteristic.
Genes
If you cross a homozygous round seed plant with a pure wrinkled seed plant, what will be the results?
All of the offspring will be round the dominant shape and wrinkled shape is a recessive trait.
What set of letters (uppercase or lowercase) do heterozygous individuals describe?
What type of letters (uppercase or lowercase?) do recessive alleles stand for?
lowercase letter
What were Gregor Mendel's experimental methods?
He used pea plants because they reproduce quickly, and he could easily observe traits and could control which pairs of plants reproduce
an organism's appearance or other detectable characteristics.
Phenotype
Can the environment change character traits? If yes, give an example of it.
Yes, the environment can change it. For example, the artic fox changes colors with the season. This gene is affected by light.
What did Mendel conclude about the genetic factors in pea plants?
Mendel discovered that for each trait, the plants got one factor from each parent. If two recessive factors were received, the offspring would show the recessive trait. If one or two dominant factors were received, the offspring would show the dominant trait.
In a Punnett square, what does each compartment show?
It shows an allele combination and potential offspring.
What type of plant did Mendel start his studies with?
True breeding plants
Both alleles in a heterozygous individual contribute to the phenotypes.
Codominance
Can a single trait influence many traits? If yes, give an example of it.
Yes, it can. For example. a single gene can give a tiger white fur and blue eyes.
What is the difference between a dominant trait and recessive traits?
The dominant trait is the main trait that appears in an organism's offspring. And the recessive trait is the hidden trait that is not expressed by the organism offspring.