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Science is...
Darwin
Natural Selection
Evolution
The History of Life
100
This is a testable, falsifiable explanation for an observation of the natural world.
What is a hypothesis?
100
He sailed on this ship around the world in 1831.
What is the HMS Beagle?
100
This is the measure of reproductive success of an organism passing its genes on to the next generation.
What is fitness.
100
This is defined as a change in allele frequency in a population.
What is evolution.
100
This was the source of the gases in the early atmosphere.
What are volcanoes.
200
This is what we call a scientific explanation in which scientists have the highest degree of confidence.
What is a theory?
200
This contemporary of Darwin's was a naturalist who gathered an enormous amount of data about organisms and their distribution that independently led him to the same conclusions that Darwin published first.
Who is Alfred Russel Wallace?
200
In this type of selection, individuals with one extreme phenotype have the highest fitness.
What is directional selection?
200
This similarities among butterflies, birds, and bats is due to this "type" of evolution.
What is convergent evolution? The wings of each are examples of analogous structures.
200
This is the name of the super-continent that resulted in a single landmass.
What is Pangea?
300
Scientific investigations are limited to this.
What is naturalism - the laws of the natural world - the physical, chemical, biological world, the "natural" (in contrast to "supernatural") world.
300
At first he thought these 13 types of bird were warblers, wood peckers, and other different types of birds because they appear so different. But, it turned out they were all this type.
What are finches?
300
This word is both a trait (structure or behavior) and process that makes an organism more fit in it's environment. Both the process and the trait are the product of natural selection.
What is ADAPTATION.
300
These are anatomical structures or behaviors that are similar among organisms due to shared ancestry.
What are homologous traits?
300
This was the era dominated by reptiles, including dinosaurs.
What is the Mesozoic Era?
400
This is why it is a bad idea to believe in evolution.
Scientific understanding should not be a matter of faith or belief. It is a matter of rational understanding based on evidence and its analysis. Science is never absolute, but provides provisional explanations for observable phenomena. Science can only progress if assumptions are questioned and new hypotheses are tested.
400
These are the two main ideas of Darwin's Theory.
What are: Descent with Modification Modification by Natural Selection
400
These are the 4 assumptions that must be met for natural selection to occur.
What is: Variation Heritable variation differential reproduction/struggle to reproduce Fitness- heritable variations that increase reproduction become more common. (Clearly stating that heritable variation leading to differential reproduction is natural selection is a sufficient answer).
400
These are structures or behaviors that are similar as a result of adaptation to similar environments.
What are analogous structures.
400
This is the Eon that began 542 million years ago (to present), during which abundant animal life has evolved.
What is the Phanerozoic?
500
List the 5 steps in conducting a scientific investigation.
1) Observe 2) Question 3) Hypothesize 4) Hypothesis Testing - Experimental, Observational 5) Analysis and Conclusions
500
This is the name of the book, published in 1859, in which he first shared the ideas of descent with modification and modification by natural selection.
What is: The Origin of Species? Originally Titled: On the Origin of Species, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life.
500
This type of allele is most likely to increase in frequency in a population. a) beneficial recessive allele b) harmful recessive allele c) beneficial dominant allele d) harmful dominant allele
What is c) a beneficial dominant allele. A beneficial allele produces a phenotype with increased fitness. A beneficial dominant allele is more likely than a beneficial recessive allele to increase in frequency in a population because an individual with just one copy will tend to reproduce more. At low frequency, it is very unlikely for any individual to exhibit the recessive phenotype (even if it is beneficial) because it is very unlikely for any individual to have the two copies (to be homozygous recessive) necessary to exhibit the phenotype.
500
This is the process by which two or more types of organisms evolve in response to the others. AND provide one example.
What is coevolution. Examples of Predator-Prey (garter snake-newt) Mutualism (plant-polinator) Any other symbiotic relationship
500
This is the approximate age of the earth (to the nearest 100 million years).
What is 4.5 billion years old OR 4,500 million years old