Science and technology
The application of scientific knowledge to the practical aims of human life.
What is technology?
Scientific method
It's the path taken by science to conduct research:
The research problem
It's the materialization of the topic of interest and is researchable.
Correct literature selection and review, and the extraction of the right information from these sources.
Theoretical framework
An idea that proposes a tentative explanation about a phenomenon or a narrow set of phenomena observed in the natural world
Definition of hypothesis, by the Encyclopaedia Britannica (2014).
Is the pursuit of knowledge
What is science?
Complete a theoretical framework, define the type of research, collect data, and present results.
Are examples of the steps taken in a research method:
The implied phenomenon must be observable.
It must handle at least two variables, in order to make its description more precise.
The problem must not leave unanswered doubts.
It must be delimited.
Guide criteria to formulate a research problem proposed by Kerlinger (1976):
Primary sources, Secondary sources, and Tertiary sources.
Classification of relevant bibliographical sources for the research topic (Sampieri, 1991):
Is a representation of any phenomenon that can take any value in order to dimension it
Variable
The “justified true belief” (Steup, 2005).
What are the three criteria build up the basic definition of knowledge?
Research idea
Which is the first step in a research process?
Convenience, social relevance, practical implications, legal and ethical conditions, enough financing.
Are examples of aspects a research should have for it to be justified and viable:
To comprehend, evaluate, and contrast perspectives on a problem.
Critical reading
Subjects who drank six or more ounces of alcohol would recall significantly fewer names than students given a placebo beverage.
Owing to its effects on the frontal lobe and hippocampus, alcohol consumption would impair long-term memory.
Identify the Hypothesis and the prediction
Prediction and Hypothesis.
Science of discovery, Science of review, and Practical science.
What is the three science classification done by Charles S. Pierce?
Quantitative / Qualitative, Basic / Applied, and Deductive / Inductive.
Which are the three different approaches a research can take?
Bad environmental conditions, ethical issues, and legal prohibitions.
Examples of restrictions for a research project:
While constructing your theoretical framework, you identify that there is plenty of information on the topic you've chosen. The strategies employed for the construction of your theoretical framework will be:
Adopt an existing theory and address the problem from a different perspective.
“Death rates increase with alcohol consumption”. Which is the dependent and dependent variable?
The dependent variable will be the death rates since it depends on the rates of alcohol consumption. And alcohol consumption is the independent variable.
Engineering, medical science, law.
Are examples of practical science
You conduct in-depth interviews with 15 students and ask them open-ended questions such as: “How satisfied are you with your studies?”, “What is the most positive aspect of your study program?” and “What can be done to improve the study program?”Based on the answers you get you can ask follow-up questions to clarify things. You transcribe all interviews using transcription software and try to find commonalities and patterns.
Example of a Qualitative research approach
How has the Amsterdam housing market changed over the past 20 years?
What are the main genetic, behavioral, and morphological differences between European wildcats and domestic cats?
Examples of descriptive research questions:
In an essay discussing the factors known to decrease motor vehicle accidents, you’d likely refer to data collected by law enforcement agencies and agencies like the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Which type or source you will be using?
Primary source
Two groups of fifty high school students took an exam with one group having slept eight hours with the other group sleeping nine hours the night before in order to see if extra sleep improved test scores.
Operational hypothesis as in a research experiment clearly defines what the variables of interest are and how the different variables are related to each other