A
The fluid inside a cell but outside the cell's nucleus. Most chemical reactions in a cell take place in the ________.
Cytoplasm
In biology, the structure in a cell that contains the chromosomes. The ___ has a membrane around it, and is where RNA is made from the DNA in the chromosomes.
Nucleus
The ___ is a large, dynamic structure that serves many roles in the cell including calcium storage, protein synthesis and lipid metabolism. The diverse functions of the ___ are performed by distinct domains; consisting of tubules, sheets and the nuclear envelope.
endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
These cells are specialized for contraction.
The function of ___ cells is to perform movement. Skeletal muscles perform locomotion. Cardiac muscles pump the heart. Smooth muscles expand and contract hollow internal organs.
Muscle cells
Cell are the structure for all living things. Cells in other words can be like the nut and bolts that hold a car together.
Structure of cells
A _________ is a structural layer surrounding some types of cells, just outside the cell membrane. It can be tough, flexible, and sometimes rigid. It provides the cell with both structural support and protection, and also acts as a filtering mechanism.
A ___ is a membrane-bound cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes. ___ are involved with various cell processes. They break down excess or worn-out cell parts.
Lysosome
A ___ is an organelle found in the cells of most eukaryotes, such as animals, plants and fungi. _________ have a double membrane structure and use aerobic respiration to generate adenosine triphosphate, which is used throughout the cell as a source of chemical energy.
mitochondrion (mitochondria)
These cells are tightly attached to one another.
___ cells are among the most abundant cells covering the skin, body cavities, and blood vessels.
Epithelial cells
A ___ is an instrument that can be used to observe small objects, even cells. The image of an object is magnified through at least one lens in the ___. This lens bends light toward the eye and makes an object appear larger than it actually is.
Microscope
The ___________, also called the plasma membrane, is found in all cells and separates the interior of the cell from the outside environment. The _________ consists of a lipid bilayer that is semipermeable. The ________ regulates the transport of materials entering and exiting the cell.
cell membrane
___ are plant cell organelles that convert light energy into relatively stable chemical energy via the photosynthetic process.
Chloroplasts
___ are macromolecular machines, found within all cells, that perform biological protein synthesis. ___ link amino acids together in the order specified by the codons of messenger RNA molecules to form polypeptide chains. ___ consist of two major components: the small and large ribosomal subunits.
Ribosomes
____ is classified into two subtypes: soft and specialized connective tissue. Major functions of connective tissue include: 1) binding and supporting, 2) protecting, 3) insulating, 4) storing reserve fuel, and 5) transporting substances within the body.
___ organisms include bacteria, protists, and yeast. For example, a paramecium is a slipper-shaped, ___organism found in pond water. It takes in food from the water and digests it in organelles known as food vacuoles. Nutrients from the food travel through the cytoplasm to the surrounding organelles, helping to keep the cell, and thus the organism, functioning.
Unicellular
A small structure in a cell that is surrounded by a membrane and has a specific function.
A ___ is a membrane-bound organelle which is present in plant and fungal cells and some protist, animal, and bacterial cells.
Vacuole
In biology, the smallest unit that can live on its own and that makes up all living organisms and the tissues of the body. A ___ has three main parts: the cell membrane, the nucleus, and the cytoplasm. The ___ membrane surrounds the ___ and controls the substances that go into and out of the ___.
cell
These cells are specialized for communication.
A type of cell that receives and sends messages from the body to the brain and back to the body.
Nerve cells
___ organisms are composed of more than one cell, with groups of cells differentiating to take on specialized functions. In humans, cells differentiate early in development to become nerve cells, skin cells, muscle cells, blood cells, and other types of cells. One can easily observe the differences in these cells under a microscope. Their structure is related to their function, meaning each type of cell takes on a particular form in order to best serve its purpose. Nerve cells have appendages called dendrites and axons that connect with other nerve cells to move muscles, send signals to glands, or register sensory stimuli. Outer skin cells form flattened stacks that protect the body from the environment. Muscle cells are slender fibers that bundle together for muscle contraction.
Multicellular
The ___, also known as the ___ complex, ___ body, or simply the ___, is an organelle found in most eukaryotic cells. Part of the endomembrane system in the cytoplasm, it packages proteins into membrane-bound vesicles inside the cell before the vesicles are sent to their destination.
Golgi apparatus
Cells are composed of water, inorganic ions, and carbon-containing (organic) ___. Water is the most abundant ___ in cells, accounting for 70% or more of total cell mass. Consequently, the interactions between water and the other constituents of cells are of central importance in biological chemistry.
Molecules
What are the four types of cells?
Epithelial Cells, Nerve Cells, Muscle Cells, and Connective Tissue Cells
What are the functions of the cell?
- provide structure for the body
- take in nutrients from food and convert them to energy
- carry out specialized functions
- contain the body's hereditary material
- can make copies of themselves
___ are typical of the eukaryotic cell, enclosed by a plasma membrane and containing a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles. Unlike the eukaryotic cells of plants and fungi, ___ do not have a cell wall.
Animal cells