Vocabulary
What is sexual reproduction?
reproduction from the union of two parents that each pass on traits to the offspring
What is an allele?
one form of a gene for a trait
Asexual reproduction results in offspring with traits that are _____________.
a. similar to one parent
b. identical to one parent
c. unique only to offspring
d. a combination of both parents
b. identical to one parent
How is DNA like a fingerprint?
a. it has lines
b. it’s unique to each individual
c. they were both discovered by Watson and Crick
d. they contain artificial colors and preservatives
b. it’s unique to each individual
Which of the following are beneficial mutations scientists have developed?
a. plants that are resistant to pests
b. cows that produce more milk
c. stronger animals
d. all of the above
d. all of the above
the process by which a male gamete joins a female gamete to produce a new cell that develops into an organism
During which phase does genetic information get passed?
a. interphase
b. cytokinesis
c. mitosis
d. none of the above
c. mitosis
A ___________gene is expressed only when paired with another recessive gene.
a. recessive
b. mature
c. single
d. reindeer
a. recessive
For each of the genotypes (AA, Aa or aa) below determine what the phenotype would be.
Purple flowers are dominant to white flowers. PP_____________Pp____________ pp_______________
PP: Purple flowers
Pp: Purple flowers
pp: White flowers
What is mitosis?
the stage in the cell cycle during which the nucleus divides
any changes in a genome or a chromosome
Because Gregor Mendel studied pea plants, scientists concluded that an organism's ____________ determine its inherited characteristics.
a. proteins
b. ribosomes
c. genes
d. hybrids
c. genes
What is the first stage of a cell's cycle and explain what occurs?
Interphase
cells grow
makes a copy of chromosomes
Please solve the following punnett square: In dogs, the gene for fur color has two alleles. The dominant allele (F) codes for grey fur and the recessive allele (f) codes for black fur. The female dog is heterozygous. The male dog is homozygous recessive. Figure out the percentage of possible phenotypes and genotypes of their puppies by using a Punnett Square.
FF: ________ Ff: ________ ff: _________
Black fur:___________
Grey fur:____________
FF: 0% Ff:50% ff: 25%
Black fur: 50%
Grey fur: 50%
What is DNA?
the genetic material for all living things
What is codominant?
result of two alleles being expressed
A __________ gene is expressed even when paired with a recessive gene.
a. mutant
b. dominant
c. harmful
d. blood
b. dominant
What is the second stage of a cell's cycle and explain what occurs?
Mitosis
division of nucleus
organizes chromosome pairs
pairs separate into 2 nuclei
Please solve the following punnett square: In dogs, the gene for fur color has two alleles. The dominant allele (F) codes for grey fur and the recessive allele (f) codes for black fur.
The female dog is heterozygous. The male dog is heterozygous. Figure out the percentage of possible phenotypes and genotypes of their puppies by using a Punnett Square.
FF: ________ Ff: ________ ff: _________
Black fur:___________
Grey fur:____________
FF: 25% Ff:50% ff: 25%
Black fur: 25%
Grey fur: 75%
What is a hybrid?
an offspring of two purebreds having one dominant and one recessive gene
What is incomplete dominance?
a dominant allele is only partly expressed
Why do you think it is important to study genes?
Possible answer:to detect and treat diseases such as genetic testing for cancer.
What is the third stage of a cell's cycle and explain what occurs?
Cytokinesis
new cell wall or cell membrane divides 2 daughter cells
daughter cells begin their own cell cycle
Please solve the following punnett square: In fruit flies, red eyes are dominant (E). White eyes are recessive (e). If the female fly has white eyes and the male fly has homozygous dominant red eyes. Figure out the percentage of possible phenotypes and genotypes of their offspring by using a Punnett Square.
EE: ________ Ee: ________ ee: _________
Red Eyes:___________
White Eyes:____________
EE: 0% Ee:100% ee: 0%
Red Eyes:100%
White Eyes: 0%
Which is NOT an inherited trait? a. the size of a cat b. the color of a flamingo c. the color of hair d. blood type
b. Flamingoes get their color from the food they eat.