Elements
What is an element?
A substance that cannot be broken down into any other substances by chemical or physical means.
What is an atom?
An atom is the basic particle of which all elements are made.
What are the main ways to measure matter?
Mass, volume, weight, density, and temperature.
Compare and contrast physical and chemical changes.
A physical change alters the form or appearance of matter but does not turn any substance in the matter into a new substance, while a chemical change (or chemical reaction) is a change in matter that produces one or more new substances
What is the Pioneer 10?
A spacecraft sent into space to find extraterrestrial life
What is a substance?
A single kind of matter that always has a specific composition.
What is a mixture?
A mixture is made of two or more substances together in the same place, but their atoms are not chemically bonded.
How do you calculate density?
Mass/Volume
What is thermal energy
The total energy of the motion of all of the particles in an object
What is the law of the conservation of mass.
The fact that matter is not created or destroyed in any chemical or physical change
What are physical and chemical properties? Name the properties listed in the book.
A physical property is a characteristic of a substance that can be observed without changing it into another substance. A chemical property is a characteristic of a substance that describes its ability to change into different substances. IMPORTANT!!!= you MUST change the substance to observe a chemical property
Compare and contrast homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures.
Heterogeneous mixtures are mixtures where you can easily see and separate the different parts, while homogeneous mixtures are mixtures so evenly mixed that you can't see the different parts.
What is the main system of units?
SI system of units.
Compare and contrast endothermic and exothermic changes
An endothermic change is a change in which energy is absorbed, while an exothermic change is a change in which energy is released.
What is kinetic energy?
An energy an object possesses due to its motion
Compare and contrast chemical symbols and chemical formulas.
Chemical symbols are used to represent elements, and the first letter will always be capitalized while the second letter(If there is one) will always be lowercase. Chemical formulas use chemical symbols in a set ratio to represent compounds or molecules, also with numbers to show how much of the element there is
What is the difference between a compound and a molecule?
Compounds must have 2 or more types elements in a set ratio, while molecules only have to have 1
What do the prefixes milli-, centi-, and kilo- mean?
Milli- one thousandth 1/1000
Centi- one hundredth 1/100
Kilo- one thousand 1000
What is temperature?
A measure of how hot or cold something is. It is related to the energy of motion of the particles of matter.
Who discovered the law of the conservation of mass? (p.s. you have to pronounce it correctly)
Antoine Lavoisier.
List all of the physical and chemical properties in the book. Also know the definitions of all of them.
Physical: Luster(shine); Ability to conduct electric current and heat; freezing, melting, and boiling point; hardness; texture; temperature; color; state of matter; malleability(flexibility);density; mass; weight; volume; ductility(ability to be stretched into a wire.)
Chemical: Ability to oxidize, flammability
What are the 4 methods of separating mixtures?
1. Distillation: Separating liquids from each other by heating them up to the temperature at which one liquid boils. The boiling liquid turns to gas and flows down a pipe into a different container, therefore separating the liquids
2. Evaporation:When liquid solutions are left in open air, the liquid evaporates, leaving the solid behind.
3. Magnetic Attraction: Separating iron objects from a mixture using a magnet
4. Filtration: Separates solids from liquids by pouring the mixture through a filter
What is displacement?
The concept that two pieces of matter cannot take up the same space, so one must move.
Name examples of each of the changes in matter, especially the 4 main chemical changes.
Physical: Snow melting, evaporation, folding, ripping, etc.
Chemical: Combustion (rapid combination of a fuel with oxygen; produces heat, light, and new substances), Electrolysis (Use of electricity to break a compound into elements or simpler compounds), Oxidation (combination of a substance with oxygen), Tarnishing (slow combination of a bright metal with sulfur or another substance, producing a dark coating on the metal)
Name 5 elements on the periodic table that’s atomic number is past 100