Science Chapter 4

1

100

Water freezing point and boiling points in (c) and (f)

C = 0, 100

F = 32, 212

200

caused extreme temperatures when the shuttle reentered the earth's atmosphere

friction

300

Has a blanket of insulation and ammonia-filled pipes

ISS

400

Cooking on a stove top or eating a popsicle usually involves 

conduction

500

Fossil fuels include ____, _____, and ______

coal, crude oil, and natural gases

2

100

almost every substance does this when it is cooled

contracts

200

The amount of thermal energy needed to raise the temperature of 1g or water 1c

calorie

300

Heat transfer that occurs when particles carry thermal energy as they move from one place to another

convection

400

How is potential energy different from kinetic energy

potential energy is the energy that an object or substance has because of its position or condition.  Kinetic energy is the energy that an object or substance has because of it's motion

500

When a warmer substance transfers heat to a cooler substance, the cooler substance ____ thermal energy and the warmer substance _____ thermal energy

gains, loses

3

100

substances that allow heat to move through them easily

conductors

200

heat transfer that occurs when particles bump into each other but do not change location

conduction

300

what kind of insulation does the space shuttle use

ceramic tiles

400

When heat is not wanted it is considered a waste product or _______

byproduct

500

what is the temperature of the exterior of a space shuttle when it returns to earth

3000F

4

100

stored energy

potential energy

200

The substance's particles may only move faster and occupy a larger space

thermal expansion

300

the thermal energy of a substance is determined by these two factors

temperature and mass

400

Spaces are put between sections of sidewalks and roads to provide for 

thermal expansion

500

These are caused by heated particles rising while cooler particles sink.  Those particles get heated and rise while the ones at the top that have cooled off sink.  The process continuously repeats. 

convection currents

5

100

heat transfer that occurs when there are no particles to carry the energy

radiation

200

the total kinetic energy of the particles in a substance 

thermal energy

300

the movement of particles

convection currents

400

what has special gold paint, fluid filled tubes, aerogel, and heaters

Probes

500

Heating a substance _____ thermal energy.  The particles move _____ and farther apart, causing the substance to change states.

adds, faster