Ions and Ionic Bonds
What is a polyatomic ion?
An molecule made of multiple atoms with a positive or negative charge.
What is a covalent bond?
A bond between two nonmetals in which each atom shares one or more electrons between each other.
What is a valence electron?
An electron in the outer shell of an atom.
What are the differences between physical and chemical changes?
Physical changes just change the appearance, while chemical changes create a new substance.
How do you make an ionic compound with oxygen and potassium, and what would it be called?
K2O, and potassium oxide
What happens when metals become ions? Nonmetals?
Metal atoms tend to lose electrons, while nonmetal atoms tend to gain electrons
What are the differences between single, double, and triple bonds?
Single bonds share one pair of electrons, double bonds share two, and triple bonds share three. They are all covalent bonds, but double bonds are stronger than single bond, and triple bonds are stronger than double bonds.
What are the differences between elements, compounds, and molecules?
An element is a pure substance made of only one type of atom, a compound is two or more different elements chemically bonded together, and a molecule is a group of atoms bonded together.
What is the Law of the Conservation of Mass, and who discovered it?
It is a law that says that matter can neither be created nor destroyed, and it was made by Antoine Lavoisier.
What is the chemical formula for hexacarbon tetroxide
C6O4
What is an ionic compound, and how does it form? Also, how does it relate to an ionic bond?
An ionic compound is a group of two or more ions held together by their charges. It forms when a metal and nonmetal ion that don’t have full outer shells react. The metal loses electrons, and the nonmetal gains the electrons the metal lost, creating an ionic bond, holding the compound together
Non-polar bonds pull electrons equally, creating a molecule with no charge. On the other hand, polar bonds share the electrons unequally, so one side acts slightly positive, and the other side acts slightly negative.
How do you draw an neon atom?
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What is a precipitate?
It is a solid formed when liquids react chemically.
How do you balance this equation?
Al + Fe3N2 - - -> AlN + Fe
2Al + Fe3N2 - - -> 2AlN + 3Fe
What are five examples of ionic compounds.
NaS
NaC
K2O
NaOH
MgO
or equivalent
What are the properties of covalent/molecular compounds?
Covalent compounds have low densities and melting points, and have a poor electrical conducticity.
How do you draw the electron dot diagram for water?
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What is the difference between an endothermic reaction and an exothermic reaction?
An endothermic reaction takes in energy, while an exothermic reaction releases energy.
How do you balance this equation: Dihydrogen dioxide breaks down into liquid water and oxygen gas
2H2O2 - - -> 2H2O + O2
Name the 7 polyatomic ions, their formulas, and their charge. (Mrs. Dowdy said we have to know these)
Ammonium(NH4+), Bicarbonate(HCO3-), Nitrate(NO3-), Carbonate(CO32-), Sulfate(SO42-), Hydroxide(OH-), and Phosphate(PO43-)
What are the four rules for naming covalent compounds?(You need to include all the prefixes)
One: Use prefix method(1=mono, 2=di, 3=tri, 4=tetra, 5=penta, 6=hexa, 7=hepta) Two: The name of the compound never starts with mono Three: If the prefix ends in an o or an a, drop that letter if the element starts with a vowel Four: The last element ends in -ide
What are the seven diatomic molecules?
Bromine, Iodine, Fluorine, Chlorine, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, and Oxygen.
How is an ionic bond held together?
Using the electromagnetic force.
How do you balance this equation? C4H10 + O2 - - -> CO2 + H2O
2C4H10 + 13O2 - - -> 8CO2 + 10H2O