Genes
What are genes, and where are they located in the body?
Genes are small sections of DNA that carry instructions for how our bodies work and grow. They are located inside the nucleus of our cells, on structures called chromosomes.
What is a cell?
A cell is the basic building block of all living things. It is the smallest unit of life that can carry out all life processes.
What is the job of the cell membrane?
The cell membrane controls what goes in and out of the cell. It acts like a gate, protecting the cell and helping it stay balanced.
What is the main function of the circulatory system?
It moves blood, oxygen, and nutrients throughout the body using the heart, arteries, and veins.
What organs are part of the respiratory system?
The nose, trachea, lungs, and diaphragm are main parts of the respiratory system.
How do genes determine a person’s traits, like eye color or height?
Genes give instructions for making proteins, which affect how our bodies look and function. Different versions of genes (called alleles) influence traits like eye color, hair type, and height.
What are the main parts of a cell and what do they do?
Some main parts of a cell include:
Nucleus – controls the cell and holds the DNA.
Cell membrane – protects the cell and controls what goes in and out.
Cytoplasm – a jelly-like fluid where cell activities happen.
Mitochondria – produce energy for the cell.
What is photosynthesis?
Photosynthesis is the process where plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to make their own food and release oxygen.
What does the respiratory system help you do?
It helps you breathe by bringing in oxygen and getting rid of carbon dioxide through the lungs.
What is the function of the heart?
The heart is a muscle that pumps blood through the body, delivering oxygen and removing waste.
What is the difference between dominant and recessive genes?
A dominant gene shows its trait even if there is only one copy. A recessive gene only shows its trait if a person has two copies of it (one from each parent).
What is the difference between plant cells and animal cells?
Plant cells have a cell wall and chloroplasts (for photosynthesis), while animal cells do not. Plant cells are usually square-shaped, and animal cells are rounder.
What is a tissue in the human body?
A tissue is a group of similar cells that work together to do a specific job, like muscle tissue or skin tissue.
What does the digestive system do?
It breaks down food into nutrients that the body can use for energy, growth, and repair.
What is the function of the nervous system?
It controls and coordinates all body activities by sending signals between the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.
How are genes passed from parents to children?
Children inherit half of their genes from their mother and half from their father. These genes mix together to create a unique set of instructions for each child.
Why are cells important to living things?
Cells do all the jobs that keep living things alive, like making energy, building materials, and removing waste.
What is a food chain?
A food chain shows how energy moves from one living thing to another, starting with plants and moving up to animals that eat them.
What is the role of the skeletal system?
It gives the body structure and support, protects organs, and helps the body move with the help of muscles.
What is the job of the small intestine in digestion?
The small intestine absorbs nutrients from broken-down food so they can go into the blood and be used by the body.
Can genes cause or influence certain diseases or health conditions?
Yes, some diseases are caused by changes or mutations in genes. These changes can be inherited or happen over time, and they can affect how the body works.
How do cells make more cells?
Cells make more cells through a process called cell division, where one cell splits to form two new cells.
What are the five main kingdoms of living things?
The five main kingdoms are: Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protists, Bacteria (Monera)
What is the muscular system responsible for?
It allows for movement, posture, and circulation of blood by contracting and relaxing muscles.
How do the skeletal and muscular systems work together?
Muscles are attached to bones and pull on them to create movement. Bones give shape and support, and muscles help move them.