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Rocks
Rocks/Minerals
More
Some more
Even more
100
Naturally formed, inorganic, solid, and definite crystalline structure
What are four defining characteristics of minerals?
100
Possible order of the rock cycle starting with magma
What is magma-cooling-igneous-weather/erosion-deposition-compaction and cementation-sedimentary-heat and pressure-metamorphic-melting-magma
100
how much a lithospheric plate moves
What is 1 cm per year
100
one of the main processes that scientists theorize that drives tectonic plate movements
What is convection currents from the hot asthenoshpere where rock rises, cools, and sinks
100
elastic rebound
What is when rock stretches and returns to its original shape
200
Native element
What is a mineral of one element?
200
Intrusive and extrusive
What are the two main types of igneous rock? Instrusive cool below the surface; extrusive cool above
200
how seismic waves move
What is different speeds depending on density and thickness
200
the three main types of faults
What is normal, reverse, and strikeslip normal- when rocks are pulled apart because of tension reverse- when rocks are pushed together by compression strikeslip- when rocks are moved horizantally by opposing forces
200
three main types of seismic waves
What is primary, secondary, surface primary- longitudinal secondary- transverse surface- motion is only on the surface and causes the most damage
300
The four properties that geologists use to classify minerals
What are color, luster, streak, and clevage?
300
Clastic, chemical, and organic
What are the three main types of sedimentary rock? clastic- mineral fragments that are cemented together; chemical- minerals dissolve to become rock; organic- form from the remains of once living plants and animals
300
seafloor spreading
What is when plates move apart as magma rises to the surface
300
three main types of mountains
What is folded, fault-block, and volcanic folded- when rock layers are squeezed together and pushed upward; appalachian fault-block- when tension put on the earth's crust by tectonic forces cause large blocks of the earth;s crust to drop down relative to other blocks; Tetons Volcanic- when the rock that is melted in subduction zones form magma that rises o the Earth's surface and erupts
300
three main types of volcanoes
What is shield, cinder cone, composite
400
Ores and gemstones
What are two forms that minerals be taken from the earth?
400
foliated and non-foliated
What are the two main texture types found in metamorphic rock? foliated- texture when mineral grains are arranged in planes or bands; nonfoliated- texture when mineral grains are not arranged in planes or bands
400
how seafloor spreading records earth's polarity
What is by showing where magnetic poles are turned
400
where earthquakes are most likely to occur
What is fault boundaries and tectonic plate boundaries b/c that is where plates are constantly moving
400
two types of lava
What is Aa and Pohoehoe Aa- quick and brittle Pohoehoe- slow,glassy, smooth
500
Differences between rocks and minerals
What are minerals have a crystalline structure while rocks do not, rocks are composed of minerals but minerals are not made of rock, and rock can be organic?
500
layers of the earth
What are... Litosphere- crust and rigid upper part of the mantle Asthenosphere- soft layer of mantle on which the tectonic plates move Mantle- the layer of rock between the Earth's crust and core Outer core- liquid part of the earth below the mantle Inner core- solid and innermost part of the earth
500
the three main types of tectonic plate boundaries
What are transform, convergent, and divergent transform- boundary between tectonic plates that are sliding past each other horizantally convergent- boundary formed by the collision of two lithoshperic plates divergent- boundary between two tectonic plates that are moving away from each other
500
deformation
What is when rock changes shape as a result of stress
500
volcanic bomb
What is hardened magna lapili are pebble like volcanic ash is very small