Matter and Phase Changes
What are the three phases of matterwe studied?
Solid, liquid, and gas.
What are considered the basic building blocks of matter?
Atoms
What is the definition of a force?
A push or a pull.
How do the like poles of two magnets or two like electrical charges react to one another?
They repel.
What is the term for a natural resource that can be used again?
Renewable
This state of matter has a definite volume and a definite shape, and its particles vibrate in place. What is it?
Solid
Where on the periodic table can you find the metalloids?
On the "staircase"
What is the formula used to calculate work?
$\text{Work} = \text{force} \times \text{distance}$
What three specific components are required to build a functioning electromagnet?
A battery, wire, and a metallic core.
Oil, coal, natural gas, and uranium belong to what category of resources?
Nonrenewable resources.
What scientific law states that matter cannot be created or destroyed?
The Law of Conservation of Matter
What kind of change alters the size or shape of a substance but keeps the substance itself the same?
A physical change
According to Newton's laws, what is the formula to calculate force?
Force = mass X acceleration
What type of heat transfer is defined as heat moving through direct touching?
Conduction
What do we call the bending of light when an object is placed in water?
Refraction
What type of phase change occurs when a liquid turns into a gas and gains energy?
Vaporization
How does a compound differ from a mixture?
A compound consists of two or more elements chemically combined, whereas a mixture consists of two or more substances physically combined.
What type of force reduces the overall efficiency of a machine?
Friction
Explain how convection transfers heat.
Density differences cause hot air to rise and cool air to sink.
What specific property of a wave measures the amount of energy it transfers?
Amplitude
What phase change involves a gas changing into a liquid while losing energy?
Condensation
Name four different factors that will cause a chemical reaction rate to increase.
Higher temperatures, higher concentrations, more surface area, and stirring.
What is required for work to actually occur when a force is applied to an object?
The force and the distance moved must be in the same direction.
Describe the path that electrons take when traveling through a complete battery circuit.
They start at the negative end of the battery, travel through the complete circuit, and go to the positive end of the battery.
How is a wave's wavelength measured?
It is the distance from one crest to the next crest.