Spheres
When ocean water reaches the poles, some of it turns to ice. Some salt is trapped between ice crystals, but most is left behind in the unfrozen seawater. This causes an increase in
salinity.
The atmosphere is made up mostly of the gases ________ and ______.
nitrogen, oxygen
In the water cycle, water vapor becomes liquid water during
condensation.
What does an isobar show on a weather map?
areas of equal temperature
What type of storm is associated with the term lake effect?
winter storm
About 97 percent of the hydrosphere is
salt water in lakes, seas, and the ocean.
In what sense does Earth's atmosphere help to keep Earth's temperature "just right"?
Earth's atmosphere works like a protective blanket that regulates temperature. It blocks some of the sun's energy so that the planet doesn't become too hot; it also holds in some of the sun's heat so it doesn't become too cold.
Describe how clouds form during the water cycle.
Clouds form when water vapor in the air condenses to form liquid water or ice crystals. Before the vapor can condense, the air needs to cool or particles need to be present in the air. The particles are made up of salt crystals, dust from soil, bacteria, or particles from smoke. The particles provide a surface on which the water can condense.
A person who collects and analyzes weather data in order to make weather predictions/forecasts from the data is a(n)
meteorologist
Which part(s) of Earth's interior has two distinct layers?
core
_____________ from plants and ___________ from bodies if water both aadd water vapor to the atmosphrere.
transpiration, evaporation, atmosphere
List the layers of the atmosphere in order from bottom to top.
troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere
What type of front does not move?
stationary
How are cold and warm fronts represented on a map?
Cold fronts are represented by blue lines with triangles; warm fronts are represented by red lines with half circles.
Which is Earth's thinnest layer?
crust
The _________________ interacts with the ____________ by wearing down rocks in a river as water flows around them.
hydrosphere/water, geosphere/rocks
What is the measure of the amount of water vapor in the air?
humidity
Which term describes the boundary where two air masses meet?
front
Which type of storm always forms over and pulls energy from a large body of warm water?
hurricane
Which of the following is an example of indirect evidence about Earth's layers?
rock samples obtained by drilling, mantle rocks produced by volcanoes, changes observed in seismic wave data, data gathered from high-pressure lab experiments
changes observed in seismic wave data
Describe how groundwater is replenished.
Precipitation falls on the land. Some of the precipitation seeps into the ground and settles in an aquifer. Meltwater from glaciers can also seep into an aquifer.
What process in the water cycle is driven directly by the sun's energy?
evaporation
What type of air mass would most likely form over the Atlantic Ocean near the equator?
maritime tropical
Which of the following are NOT used to prevent flooding during storms?
dams, levees, boats, sandbags
boats
Heat in the core and the ______ cause ___________________, which help to cycle material on Earth.
mantle, convection currents