Carbon Based Molecules
How many atoms can carbon form covalent bonds with?
Four atoms
What are the 2 types of Fermentation?
Alcoholic and Lactic
What is the primary function of DNA?
It stores genetic information.
What occurs during the initiation phase of Transcription?
A DNA molecule unzips at the start.
Where does glycolysis occur within the cell?
Cytoplasm
How many general types of structures for carbon-based molecules? Name them.
3 - Straight, Ringed and Branched.
What happens to pyruvate during lactic acid fermentation?
They are converted to Lactic Acid.
What shape is best described for DNA?
Double Helix
Which is translation in the context of molecular biology?
Converting the genetic message in mRNA into a protein.
What is the initial substrate for glycolysis?
Glucose
What is the primary function of carbohydrates in cells?
It is an energy source.
What type of fermentation is used in the production of bread and alcoholic beverages?
Alcoholic fermentation.
What are the base pairing rules?
Adenine-Thymine and Cytosine-Guanine
What role does RNA polymerase play in transcription?
It synthesizes RNA by binding complementary nucleotides along the DNA template.
What does glycolysis require to start the process?
ATP, ADP and NADH
Describe the nature of lipids.
Lipids are non-polar molceules.
What does alcoholic fermentation produce?
Alcohol and Carbon dioxide.
What is the first step of DNA replication?
Unzipping and separation of DNA strands.
What are codons?
Sequence of nucleotides on mRNA that code for specific amino acids.
What phase follows glycolysis in cellular respiration?
Pyruvate oxidation
It is an energy source and makes up the cell membrane. It is also used to make hormones.
What is a common characteristic of both types of fermentation.
They both regenerate NAD+ letting glycolysis to continue.
How do DNA strands separate during replication?
Hydrogen bonds break between nitrogen bases.
What happens during the elongation phase of transcription?
The polypeptide chain is formed as amino acids are sequentially added.
Where does the Citric acid cycle occur?
In the mitochondria matrix.