Reactions
Metal + oxygen --> Metal oxide
What type of reaction is this?
Oxidation
Which element has 94 Protons?
Plutonium
What 3 factors are required for a flame?
Heat - Oxygen - Fuel
What is the greenhouse effect?
Gases in our atmosphere trapping more heat than usual.
Pure Substance X is non-shiny and a very poor conductor of heat and electricity. What type of pure substance would best describe the substance?
Non-metal
What type of reaction absorbs energy from the surroundings (gets colder after a reaction)
Endothermic
Which atom has 20 electrons?
(Atoms are always neutral!)
Calcium
Why is the sun not on fire?
No oxygen!
Name 3 greenhouse gases
Methane, Carbon Dioxide, Water Vapor
What term is used to describe elements with properties of Metals AND Non-metals?
What is a catalytic converter and what does it do?
A device with nonreactive metals to speed up reactions (dangerous gases to safer gases)
Which sub-atomic particles are found in the nucleus of an atom?
Protons and Neutrons.
What is a grease fire?
A fire the uses lipids (fats and oils) as a fuel source.
What is the black residue left behind after a flame has ignited? What is it made of?
Soot (Mostly Carbon)
What does sublimation refer to? Give an example.
Physical change from Solid to Gas. (endothermic)
What is thermal decomposition?
Breaking down a larger compound into smaller ones using heat. ( AB --> A + B )
Why must all chemical equations be balanced?
Law of conservation of mass / energy!
No mass can be created or destroyed in the universe! Only transferred into a different form!
What is a hydrocarbon and give 3 examples?
A molecule made of only Hydrogen and Carbon.
Methane, Ethane, Propane, Butane
(Also gasoline, diesel, kerosene but they have other elements added also.)
What causes carbon monoxide (very dangerous) production?
incomplete combustion
Name 3 ways to increase pressure of a gas.
Increase Temperature (add heat)
Increase Amount of gas (add more gas)
Reduce Volume of gas (remove space)
What is a neutralization reaction?
A reaction between a base and an acid creating a salt and water. (Acid + Base --> Salt + Water)
What is an isotope?
Isotopes are variants of chemical elements with the same number of protons and electrons but a different number of neutrons, resulting in different atomic masses.
C-12 has 6 protons + 6 neutrons
C-14 has 6 protons + 8 neutrons
Hydrogen and oxygen are non metals.
Why is water not used to put out electrical fires?
Because many conductive things dissolve in water easily. (Salt from your skin, non-metal oxides,...)
Which 2 pollutants in combustion engines lead to acid rain? Which 2 acids are produced?
Nitrogen - Nitric Acid
Sulfur - Sulfuric Acid
Which element is most abundant on earth?
Oxygen including crust and atmosphere.
Nitrogen in the atmosphere.