Rocks
Lava cools to form
a. igneous rock
b. sedimentary rock
c. metamorphic rock
d. sandstone
a. igneous rock
Which one of the following events occurs in the formation of sedimentary rock?
a. Crystallization
b. Melting
c. Cooling
d. Weathering
d. Weathering
Which layer of Earth is the thinnest?
a. Inner core
b. Crust
c. Outer core
d. Mantle
b. Crust
If Fossil A is towards the bottom of the ground and Fossil B is towards the surface, which one would be older?
Fossil A
Which of these can be mined from Earth and used as an energy source?
a. Coal
b. Gravel
c. Granite
d. Limestone
a. Coal
Pumice is formed when lava from a volcano cools. Which rock type is pumice?
a. Gaseous rock
b. Igneous rock
c. Sedimentary rock
d. Metamorphic rock
b. Igneous rock
Sand dunes in the desert are caused by erosion from a. rain
b. glaciers
c. streams
d. wind
d. wind
Earth is composed of four layers. Many scientists believe that as Earth cooled, the denser materials sank to the center and the less dense materials rose to the top. The least dense layer is the —
a. crust
b. mantle
c. outer core
d. inner core
a. Crust
A scientist found a fossil of an organism that had gills. When the organism was living, the area in which it lived was most likely covered by —
a. forest
b. grassland
c. bare rock
d. water
d. water
To learn about the temperature inside the Earth’s crust, scientists study
a. earthquakes
b. fossil formations
c. minerals on the ocean floor
d. volcanoes
d. volcanoes
Granite is a hard material and forms from cooling magma. Granite is a type of —
a. lava stone
b. igneous rock
c. volcanic dust
d. sedimentary rock
b. igneous rock
Which action can be used to prevent soil erosion?
a. Planting grass
b. Raising grazing animals
c. Digging ditches
d. Spraying with water
a. Planting grass
Which of these best describes the relationship between Earth’s layers?
a. The hottest layers are closest to the core.
b. The more liquid layers are closest to the crust.
c. The lightest layers are closest to the core.
d. The more metallic layers are closest to the crust.
a. The hottest layers are closest to the core.
Which of these best shows that some limestone was formed from ocean sediments?
a. The position of the fossils
b. The number of fossils
c. The type of fossils
d. The size of the fossils
c. The type of fossils
Which part of a dinosaur is least likely to be found as a fossil?
a. Bones
b. Claws
c. Teeth
d. Muscle
d. muscle
A student made observations of four rock samples. Which of these observations most likely describes a sedimentary rock?
a. Sample 1 has bands of light and dark crystals.
b. Sample 2 has pink, gray, and white crystals grown together.
c. Sample 3 is made up of one huge, pale pink crystal.
d. Sample 4 is made up of layers of sand grains cemented together.
d. Sample 4 is made up of layers of sand grains cemented together.
Which causes rocks in a stream to be smooth?
a. Weathering
b. Air currents
c. Earthquakes
d. Movement of fish
a. Weathering
What layer of Earth is located just below the crust?
a. Inner core
b. Mantle
c. Continental shelf
d. Outer core
b. Mantle
The presence of an animal fossil in a rock gives evidence of
a. what hunting behaviors the animal used
b. how many babies the animal had
c. exactly when the animal was born
d. the time period the animal lived in
d. the time period the animal lived in
Which of these is not considered ocean pollution?
a. Dumping garbage
b. Artificial reefs
c. Oil spills
d. Chemical runoff
b. Artificial reefs
Rocks which formed in areas once covered by oceans often contain fossils of animals which lived in the sea. Which one of these rocks contains fossils of ocean animals?
a. igneous
b. sedimentary
c. metamorphic
d. pebble
b. sedimentary
The top layers of soil are important because they
a. prevent earthquakes
b. give plants nutrients
c. protect the bedrock
d. make walking easier
b. give plants nutrients
Name the layers of the earth in order
inner core, outer core, mantle, crust
Which part of a dinosaur is least likely to be found as a fossil?
a. Bones
b. Claws
c. Teeth
d. Muscle
d. Muscle
A student is hiking through a forest taking pictures for science class. Which picture would most likely be used as an example of human impact on Earth?
a. A trail built by cutting down trees
b. A river eroding away the riverbank
c. A bird nest made of dead branches
d. A group of butterflies landing on flowers
a. A trail built by cutting down trees