Structure of DNA
Name of the structure of DNA:
Double Helix
Why do cells carry out DNA replication?
To prepare for cell division, each new cell will require it own DNA
What are proteins?
Proteins are made of amino acids that are joined together in polypeptide chains
How does Translation work?
mRNA attaches to the ribosome in the cytoplasm
How many ways is RNA different to DNA?
3
Name the Nitrogenous bases found in DNA and their Hydrogen bonds:
Adenine + Thymine
Cytosine + Guanine
What is Topoisomerase
It is the muscle of the operation, relaxing the super coiled nature of DNA
Why are proteins important?
They have roles in cell transport, the immune system, movement, and more
What does tRNA carry?
Amino-acids
What does the m in mRNA mean?
messenger
a section of DNA that codes for a protein
a gene
What is Exonuclease like?
It's like a pair of scissors
Where Protein synthesis occur in a eukaryotic cell?
Nucleus and cytoplasm
The tRNA molecules _________ from their amino acids.
detach
Is RNA usually single or double-stranded?
single
Meaning of DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid
What does DNA polymerase do?
It synthesizes new strands of DNA by adding DNA nucleotides
Where does Protein synthesis occur in a prokaryotic cell?
Cytoplasm
What do the amino acids form?
peptide bonds
What is the non-coding regions in a eukaryote with mRNA?
Introns
proteins that associate with DNA and help to pack and condense it
Histones
Why is DNA Replication described as semi-conservative?
because the DNA is composed of one strand from the original parent DNA and one strand that is newly syntheisized
What are the sections of DNA that code for proteins called?
Genes
RNA has Uracil-not _______
Thymine
In what process are Introns removed, and what does mRNA leave from?
Splicing and leaving from nuclear pores