Symbiotic Relationships
What type of symbiotic relationship is defined by one species benefiting while the other is neither helped nor harmed?
Commensalism
What is the term for an organism that can produce its own food, typically through photosynthesis?
Producer (or Autotroph)
What happens to an ecosystem's biodiversity if its keystone species is removed?
Biodiversity decreases (or the ecosystem collapses/changes dramatically)
An introduced species that causes economic or environmental harm is specifically referred to by what term?
Invasive Species
What is the name of the single supercontinent that existed approximately 335 million years ago before breaking up?
Pangea/Pangaea
The relationship between a clownfish and a sea anemone is a classic example of what, where both species benefit?
Mutualism
An organism that eats only plants is classified as a primary consumer, but what is its more common dietary name?
Herbivore
A keystone species which preys on sea urchins and prevents them from overgrazing kelp forests?
Sea Otter
Give one reason why introduced species often thrive in their new environment more than native species.
Lack of natural predators/disease/competitors
The boundary where two tectonic plates are moving away from each other is called what type of boundary?
Divergent Boundary
A tapeworm living in the intestines of a host is an example of what symbiotic relationship?
Parasitism
Approximately what percentage of energy is typically transferred from one trophic level to the next in a food web?
10%
What species, by building dams, modifies its environment into wetlands, making it a prime example of an ecosystem engineer?
Beaver
This amphibian has become an infamous invasive species that poses a major threat to native predators in Australia.
Cane Toad
What phenomenon, where one plate slides beneath another, is responsible for forming volcanic arcs and deep-sea trenches?
Subduction
What term is used for an organism that lives on the outside of its host, like a tick or a flea?
Ectoparasite
What name is given to an animal, such as a mushroom or bacteria, that breaks down dead organic matter?
Decomposer
The reintroduction of what top predator to Yellowstone National Park caused a trophic cascade that changed the flow of rivers and vegetation growth?
Gray Wolf
A rabbit population boom in Australia after their introduction is an example of what type of ecological disaster caused by an invasive species?
Competition with native species, overgrazing or habitat destruction.
The movement of what material in the Earth's mantle is believed to be the driving force behind plate tectonic motion?
Magma Convection Currents
A tarantula will often allow a tiny microhylid frog to live near its burrow. The frog gets protection, and the tarantula's eggs are protected from insect pests. What type of interaction is this?
Mutualism
Due to the severe inefficiency of energy transfer, most natural food webs rarely contain more than how many trophic levels?
4 or 5
The fig tree in tropical rainforests acts as a keystone species for many fruit-eating animals because it produces fruit year-round. It is therefore a keystone resource rather than a keystone predator. True or False?
True
A species that has been introduced but does not cause significant negative impact is simply called what?
Non-native or Exotic Species
What is the term for the study of the distribution of species and ecosystems in geographic space and through geological time?
Biogeography