rocks
How many minerals are there?
How many minerals are common?
How many minerals are rock-forming?
4,000
30
10
What does it mean for a mineral to be 'naturally occurring'?
Minerals are formed through natural processes, not artificially created, and can be common like quartz or rare like gold.
What is Pangea?
Pangea is a supercontinent, where all the continents are added together, this happedned millions of years ago.
What is a volcano?
A volcano is a landform that pushes out lava when movement happens in the ground.
What is a fault zone?
Fractured pieces of the Earth's crust that are visible.
What are the 5 characteristics of a mineral?
1. Inorganic
2. Naturally occuring
3. solid
4. Crystal structure
5. Chemical composition
What are the two main types of rock-forming minerals?
silicate and nonsilicate
Who thought of Pangea?
Alfred Wagnear
What are earth quakes?
Earth quakes are vibrations in the ground that result from movement along breaks in earths lithosphrere.
Where does shear stress occur?
In an area called a fault zone.
What is gypsum and how does it form?
Gypsum is a mineral that can form from organic processes, such as marine organisms using dissolved solids from seawater to create shells.
Dark colored silicates =
Light colored silicates =
Oviline, pyroxene, amphibole
quartz, feldspar, clay, calcite
What is a plate tectonic?
They are rigid slabs or rock plates that move with respect to each other. They move over earths hot semiplastic mantle.
What is Volcanic Arcs?
THay are arcs in the middle of the ocean.
Provide an example of a continental rift.
The African Rift Valley.
What happens to rocks during weathering?
Rocks break down into small pieces called sediments due to forces like wind, ice, water, and gravity.
How do minerals form in the universe?
Minerals are formed in stars and planets, particularly when stars explode and their materials re-form.
What are 2 clues that brought the idea of Pangea?
1. Glaciers move
2. fossils move
What is a ridge push?
IT is when rising mantle material at midoceans ridges create the potential for plates to move away.
What is basal drag in the context of plate tectonics?
Convection currents in the asthenosphere that 'drag' the lithosphere plates like a conveyor belt.
What is the chemical formula for quartz?
What is the chemical formula for calcite?
SiO2.
CaCO3
What are the primary elements found in Earth's crust?
Silicon (Si) and oxygen (O), followed by iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), sodium (Na), and potassium (K).
What are the different plate layers in the Earth's crust?
Lithospere, upper mantle, astrosphere
What is Volcanic Gas?
Volcanic gases, primarily water vapor, carbon dioxide, and sulfur dioxide, are released from active volcanoes during both eruptions and periods of relative calm
What are primary waves (P-waves)?
Waves that cause particles in the ground to move in a push-pull motion similar to a coiled spring.