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100
What is Mass?
Mass is the total amount of matter in an object and is not dependent upon gravitational pull. We modeled mass by using washers. Different objects can have different masses.
100
Gravity_________if to objects are closer to each other
increases
100
Gravity decreases if two objects are _________ (to/from) each other.
farther
100
Neptune is ______ in color, has its own ___________ and has the ______________ in the solar system.
Blue; heat source; strongest/fastest winds in solar system
100
Why does Io have faster orbital speed than the moons?
Io (Jupiter's moon) has a faster orbital speed than Earth's moon because Jupiter is more massive than Earth. Having a faster speed means it takes less time (shorter orbital period).
200
What is weight?
Weight is a measure of the force of gravity on an object. It changes when gravity changes. With more gravity pulling on an object, the object weighs more.
200
What is gravity?
Gravity is the force of attraction between two objects.
200
______'s poles are in the same position as the equator because__________.
Uranus's; it tilts 98° on its axis.
200
Which planet should have the fastest orbital speed and why?
Mercury should have the fastest orbital speed because it's closer to the Sun. When we dropped a marble on the latex it moved fastest when closest to the central mass (balloon).
300
With what instrument do you measure weight? What unit of measurement do we use?
A spring scale is used to measure weight. Weight is measured in Newtons, for Isaac Newton who identified the Law of Universal Gravitation.
300
What is the Law of Universal Gravitation?
This law states that any two objects in the universe have gravity & will attract each other.
300
When do neap tides occur?
Neap tides occur when the Sun and the moon are at right angles to each other during the first and last quarter moon phases. The solar tide partially cancels out the lunar tide & produces smaller tides known as neap tides
300
The first four outer planets do not have solid _______.
surfaces
300
How are unbalanced forces different from balanced forces?
Unbalanced forces make an object change speed or direction. Balanced forces keep an object steady and are of equal size.
400
Why does the soda can weigh more on Earth than on Saturn?
Earth has a higher surface gravity than Saturn. Saturn has more mass than Earth, so it should have a stronger force of gravity, but Saturn's diameter is much larger (10x) than Earth's. Being farther away from the center of the planet, reduces that gravitational pull to less than Earth.
400
What are spring tides?
Spring tides are particularly high & occur when the Sun, Moon, and Earth are aligned during the full & new moon phases.
400
On what does the strength of attraction (gravity) between two objects depend?
Gravity between two objects depends on the mass of each object & their distance from each other.
400
What makes Earth unique?
Earth is able to sustain life because its atmosphere contains oxygen, holds in enough heat to keep water liquid and reflects enough light to protect the surface from excess radiation.
400
Describe the composition of the rings that surround the gas giants.
The rings are composed of small particles of ice and rock.
500
What two factors affect the gravity at a planet's surface?
The two factors that affect a planet's surface gravity are that each planet has a different mass and each planet has a different radius (distance from the center of a planet to the surface of the planet)
500
What causes tides?
The gravitational pull of the Moon & the Sun causes tides.
500
Why are there two high tides every 24 hours?
Earth rotates on its axis once every 24 hours. The Moon rises during that 24 hour period which causes one of the high tides. The second high tide occurs 12 hours later, when that part of Earth is on the opposite side from the Moon.
500
What is the composition of the gas giants?
The gas giants are composed mainly of hydrogen & helium.
500
What keeps the planets in orbit around the sun?
The sun's gravitational pull keeps the planets in their orbit around the sun. Inertia keep the planets going forwards, making a curved path.