Science of Reading

Phonological Awareness

100

What is the ability to manipulate and hear the smallest unit of sound in the spoken language?

Phonemic Awareness

200

This skill involves identifying and producing words that have the same ending sound.

Rhyming

300

Breaking a word into its individual sounds (/c//a//t/) is called what?

Segmenting

400

What is the process of combining individual sounds to form words?

Blending

500

This advanced skill involves deleting, substituting, or adding sounds in words.

Phoneme Manipulation

Phonics & Word Recognition

100

What is the relationship between letters (graphemes) and sounds (phonemes)?

Phonics

200

Words that are recognized instantly without decoding are called what?

Sight Words

300

This involves knowledge of letter-sound relationships to read words.

Decoding

400

The study of the structure of words, including prefixes, suffixes, and roots.

Morphology

500

Reading with speed, accuracy, and proper expression is called what?

Fluency

Comprehension & Vocabulary

100

Understanding what has been read is the ultimate goal of reading, known as what?

Comprehension

200

The words we must know to communicate effectively.

Vocabulary

300

Using clues in the text to determine the meaning of an unknown word.

Context Clues

400

Making a logical guess or conclusion based on evidence from the text and prior knowledge.

Inferencing

500

Thinking about one's own thinking and understanding during reading is called what?

Metacognition