vocab
what is a covalent bond?
A chemical bond that forms when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons. Usually happens between two nonmetals.
what is Metals & Nonmetals?
Metals are elements that lose electrons easily and conduct electricity; nonmetals gain or share electrons and are usually dull and brittle.
what is a physical change bond?
In a physical change, bonds between atoms are not broken or rearranged—only the form or state of matter changes (like melting or freezing).
what is Au?
Au is gold
what is the Nuecleus?
the stomach of an atom
what is a ionic bond?
A bond formed when one atom gives away electrons and another atom gains them, creating oppositely charged ions that attract each other.
what are Valence Electrons?
The electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom; they are the ones involved in forming chemical bonds.
what is a chemical change bond?
In a chemical change, bonds break and new ones form, creating new substances with different properties.
what is Cl?
It is chlorine
what is a neutron?
A neutron has a neutral charge
what is Electrostatic Attraction?
The force that pulls positive and negative charges together, like the “magnet-like” attraction in an ionic bond.
what Is a element?
A pure substance made of only one kind of atom (like oxygen or gold).
how to find the how many electrons are in a number?
to find the number of electrons in an element, find its atomic number on the periodic table. For a neutral atom, the number of electrons is equal to the atomic number. For an ion, subtract the charge from the atomic number for a positive ion (cation) or add the absolute value of the charge for a negative ion (anion).
What is O?
It is Oxygen.
what charge does a electron?
A electron has a negative charge
what is a ion?
An atom that has gained or lost electrons, giving it an electric charge (positive or negative).
what is a molecule?
Two or more atoms bonded together; can be the same element (O₂) or different elements (H₂O).
is -3 losing or gaining electrons
"3-" represents an increase of electrons by 3. The minus does not mean "loss" in these examples.
What is Pb.
Pb is Lead
what charge does a proton have.
a proton has a positive charge
what is Crystal Lattice
The repeating, 3D pattern formed by ions in an ionic compound, giving crystals their solid, structured shape.
what is a compound?
A substance made from two or more different elements chemically bonded together in a fixed ratio (like NaCl or CO₂).
will electrons and protons be the same?
the number of electrons will always be the same number of protons because these are neutral atoms; the positive and negative charges cancel each other out.
What is B?
B is boron
1. what is the number of the top on a element
2. what is the name called on a element
3. what is the number on the bottom of a element
1. atomic number
2. element name/symbol
3. mass number (protons and neutrons together)