Research Problem & Background of the Study
A student writes the following background statement:
“Many students experience difficulty concentrating during online classes, which may affect their academic performance.”
What is the primary purpose of this statement in Chapter 1?
A. To present research results
B. To introduce the research problem
C. To describe the research methodology
D. To summarize related studies
B. To introduce the research problem
Which research question is MOST aligned with scientific inquiry?
A. “Why is online learning bad?”
B. “Do students like online learning?”
C. “What is the relationship between online learning duration and students’ concentration levels?”
D. “Should online learning be stopped?”
C. “What is the relationship between online learning duration and students’ concentration levels?”
The Significance of the Study mainly explains:
A. The literature sources
B. The research instruments
C. Who will benefit from the study
D. How data will be collected
C. Who will benefit from the study
Which source is MOST appropriate for an RRL?
A. Peer-reviewed journal article
B. Online forum with sources
C. Personal blog with reviews from identified authors
D. Social media post
A. Peer-reviewed journal article
Which best defines synthesis in RRL?
A. Integrating findings from multiple studies
B. Summarizing one article and a review
C. Copying and merging several studies
D. Listing research titles
A. Integrating findings from multiple studies
Which background statement MOST effectively demonstrates logical focusing appropriate for a scientific research introduction?
A. “Recent educational shifts have increased the presence of digital technologies in classroom instruction.”
B. “The integration of digital technologies in classroom instruction has altered students’ learning environments.”
C. “Changes in classroom learning environments brought about by digital technologies may influence students’ ability to sustain attention during academic tasks.”
D. “This research investigates how digital technologies influence students’ attention in the classroom.”
C. “Changes in classroom learning environments brought about by digital technologies may influence students’ ability to sustain attention during academic tasks.”
Which characteristic BEST describes a well-written research question?
A. Opinionated
B. Answerable by yes or no only
C. Emotionally engaging
D. Measurable and specific
D. Measurable and specific
Which statement BEST belongs to the Scope and Delimitation section?
A. “This study is important to teachers.”
B. “The study uses surveys.”
C. “The study focuses only on Grade 10 SPS students during SY 2025–2026.”
D. “Previous studies show…”
C. “The study focuses only on Grade 10 SPS students during SY 2025–2026.”
Why are recent studies generally preferred in an RRL?
A. They are shorter
B. They use better grammar
C. They are easier to summarize
D. They reflect current knowledge
D. They reflect current knowledge
Which RRL structure BEST supports synthesis?
A. Alphabetical listing
B. Author-by-author narration
C. Thematic organization
D. Random grouping
C. Thematic organization
Which revision improves the scientific tone of a background of the study?
A. “Several reports indicate reduced learner engagement in virtual learning environments.”
B. “Online classes are boring and ineffective.”
C. “Students nowadays hate online classes.”
D. “Online classes are bad for students.”
A. “Several reports indicate reduced learner engagement in virtual learning environments.”
Which set of questions shows proper alignment with a study titled
“Effects of Screen Time on Sleep Quality of Grade 10 Students”?
A. What is screen time?
Why do students use gadgets?
B. How many students own gadgets?
What apps are popular?
C. What is the average screen time of Grade 10 students?
Is there a relationship between screen time and sleep quality?
D. Should students stop using gadgets?
C. What is the average screen time of Grade 10 students?
Is there a relationship between screen time and sleep quality?
Why are delimitations necessary in research?
A. To increase sample size for better probability
B. To avoid and narrow all limitations
C. To strengthen conclusions
D. To clearly define research boundaries
D. To clearly define research boundaries
Which situation BEST justifies using an older study?
A. It is easy to understand
B. It supports the researcher’s opinion
C. It presents a foundational theory
D. It has many pictures
C. It presents a foundational theory
Which paragraph demonstrates synthesis?
A. “Cruz (2020) studied X. Santos (2021) studied Y.”
B. “Many researchers studied this topic.”
C. “Studies by Cruz (2020) and Santos (2021) reveal consistent patterns indicating…”
D. “This study is interesting.”
C. “Studies by Cruz (2020) and Santos (2021) reveal consistent patterns indicating…”
Explain why including local context (e.g., school setting or grade level) strengthens the Background of the Study.
Makes the problem specific and relevant
Grounds the study in a real-world context
Shows awareness of research scope
Explain why misaligned research questions weaken the entire research paper.
Affect validity of results
Lead to irrelevant data
Disrupt coherence across chapters
Differentiate scope from delimitation using a research example.
Scope = coverage of the study
Delimitation = boundaries set by researcher
Explain why Wikipedia may be useful for initial understanding but not for citation in RRL.
Not peer-reviewed
Editable by anyone
Secondary reference only
Explain how thematic analysis improves the quality of Chapter 2.
Highlights patterns
Encourages critical thinking
Identifies gaps
A background paragraph is scientifically sound but weak as a research introduction. Identify two possible weaknesses and justify your answer.
Lack of clear research gap
Overly broad discussion
Absence of transition to research problem
Revise this weak research question to make it scientific:
“Does social media affect students?”
“How does the average daily social media usage relate to the academic performance of Grade 10 students?”
Explain how poorly defined scope can lead to invalid conclusions.
Data misinterpretation
Overgeneralization
Methodological mismatch
Propose two criteria for evaluating the credibility of a research article and justify each.
Peer-review status
Author expertise
Publication venue
Given three studies with conflicting results, explain how a researcher should handle this in the RRL.
Compare methodologies
Discuss possible reasons for differences
Avoid bias