DNA and RNA Structure
These are the monomers (building blocks) of nucleic acids
What are nucleotides?
The Y-shaped region where new DNA strands are growing.
What is the Replication Fork?
What are gametes?
Specialized reproductive cells (sperm or egg) produced by meiosis.
DNA is copied into a strand of RNA during this step.
What is transcription?
A mutation that occurs when one base pair is swapped for another.
What is a point mutation (or substitution)?
DNA is double-stranded, while RNA is generally this
What is single-stranded?
This enzyme "unzips" the DNA double helix by breaking hydrogen bonds.
What is Helicase?
What is haploid?
The term for cells containing only one set of chromosomes.
The enzyme that adds RNA nucleotides to a growing transcript.
What is RNA polymerase?
A mutation that does not change the resulting amino acid sequence.
What is a silent mutation?
These are the four nitrogen bases found in DNA
What are Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, and Cytosine?
Known as the "glue," this enzyme joins Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand.
What is DNA Ligase?
What is nondisjunction?
When chromosomes fail to separate properly, causing errors.
The molecule that carries protein-building instructions from the nucleus to the ribosome.
What is mRNA?
mutation that results in an early "stop" codon.
What is a nonsense mutation?
Chargaff’s rules state that in DNA, A pairs with T, and G pairs with this.
What is Cytosine?
These are the discontinuous segments synthesized on the lagging strand.
What are Okazaki fragments?
What are somatic cells?
Body cells that perform mitosis, not meiosis.
The enzyme that adds RNA nucleotides to a growing transcript.
What is RNA polymerase?
This type of mutation occurs when base pairs are added or removed, changing the reading frame of the genetic message.
What is a frameshift mutation?
The three-base sequence on mRNA that codes for an amino acid.
What is a codon?
This prevents the separated DNA strands from re-annealing.
What are Single-Strand Binding Proteins (SSB)?
What is telophase II?
The final stage that results in four genetically diverse haploid daughter cells.
Three things that happen in the nucleus involving DNA.
What are DNA Replication and Transcription?
If a human has a trisomy (three chromosomes instead of two), they have this many total chromosomes.
What is 47?