Gas Behavior
Energy, Motion, Force, and Work
Kinetic Energy and Potential Energy
Other Forms of Energy
Energy Change and Conservation
100
Michael’s car ran over a nail, which made a hole in one of the tires. At what point will air stop pouring out of the hole in the tire?
- A. when all of the air has escaped from the tire
- B. when the air pressure in the tire is less than atmospheric pressure
- C. when the air pressure in the tire is equal to atmospheric pressure
- D. when the air pressure in the tire is greater than atmospheric pressure
- C. when the air pressure in the tire is equal to atmospheric pressure
100
Four students are each pushing on one side of a box. Mara is pushing to the west, Cindi is pushing to the east, Chris is pushing to the north, and Sammy is pushing to the south. If the box moves to the east, which student does work on the box?
Cindi
100
The bobsled is an event in the winter Olympics. In this event, each sled and its riders speed down an icy track. Which factor(s) affect how much kinetic energy the sled and its team have when the sled crosses the finish line?
- A. mass only
- B. speed and time
- C. speed and mass
- D. speed, mass, and time
C. speed and mass
100
Before Mrs. Hernandez decides what to wear for the day, she wants to know what the temperature is going to be. Which type of energy is most closely related to temperature?
Thermal energy
100
During a camping trip, Ming gathers firewood and arranges it in the fire pit. She sets it on fire, and the result is a roaring blaze. Which statement best shows all the energy transformations that take place?
- A. chemical to thermal
- B. thermal to electromagnetic
- C. chemical to thermal and electromagnetic
- D. chemical and electromagnetic to thermal
- C. chemical to thermal and electromagnetic
200
Kenneth warmed up a 100-mL sample of air in an expandable container. He displayed the results in the following graph. The results formed a straight line, so he extended the line the full length of the graph.
At what temperature did the gas have a volume of 110 mL?
300 K
200
Chad’s family just moved into a new home. The sun went down as Chad was moving boxes into the house, so he had to turn on a light to see. Which statements are true about the power Chad used? Choose the two statements that apply.
- A. The power he used to move the boxes can be found by determining the rate at which work was done on the boxes.
- B. The power Chad used to move the boxes is the force he used times the distance he moved them.
- C. The power of the light Chad turned on is the amount of energy changed from electricity to light.
- D. The power of the light Chad turned on is the amount of energy transferred per time.
A and D
200
George rolled four different types of paper into four different cylinders. Identical 10-cm rubber bands were placed around the cylinders to hold the paper in place. Each number in the answer choices is the diameter of one of the cylinders. Which cylinder has the rubber band with the greatest elastic potential energy?
- A. 05 cm
- B. 10 cm
- C. 20 cm
- D. 25 cm
D. 25 cm
200
Mechanical energy is a combination of what two other forms of energy?
Kinetic energy and potential energy
200
Johanna took her little brother to the playground because he likes to swing. Look at the diagram that shows Johanna pushing her brother on the swing. Which statement is true about the transformation between kinetic and potential energy while the boy swings?
- A. Kinetic energy changes to potential energy between points A and B.
- B. Potential energy changes to kinetic energy between points A and B.
- C. Potential energy changes to kinetic energy between points B and C.
- D. Potential and kinetic energy remain constant between points A and C.
B. Potential energy changes to kinetic energy between points A and B.
300
Min increases the temperature of a gas in an expandable container. If she keeps the pressure constant, what will happen to the volume of the gas?
The volume will increase.
300
Marissa uses a cart to haul flowers at her job with a landscaper. She pushes a 12-kilogram cart a distance of 6 meters with a force of 25 Newtons. How much work does she do?
150 J
300
What is gravitational potential energy?
Potential energy that exists as a result of something being elevated off the ground
300
Miguel lives near Miami, Florida. His home receives electricity from the Turkey Point power plant, which uses nuclear energy to provide electricity to homes and businesses. What is used to provide energy in a nuclear power plant?
- A. chemical reactions
- B. nuclear fission reactions
- C. nuclear fusion reactions
- D. physical changes
C. nuclear fission reactions
300
As a candle burns on the table, you can see the electromagnetic energy and feel the thermal energy released. Which two statements are true about the energy involved in burning the candle?
- A. Chemical energy is created from electromagnetic energy when the candle burns.
- B. The total amount of all types of energy is conserved when the candle burns.
- C. Thermal and chemical energy are destroyed by the electromagnetic energy when the candle burns.
- D. The total chemical energy equals the electromagnetic and thermal energy released when the candle burns.
B and D
400
What happens to the temperature of a gas when the pressure is increased at a constant volume?
The temperature of the gas increases.
400
Colin is helping the librarian return books to the shelves where they belong. He picks up books from the librarian’s desk, as shown in Figure A. He then carries them to the shelves, as shown in Figure B.
In which figure does Colin do work?
Figure A
400
What is the kinetic energy of a girl with a mass of 50 kg jogging with a speed of 2 m/s?
100 J
400
Before coming to school, Angela used electrical energy to warm her breakfast, light up a room, and charge her cell phone. Which statement about electrical energy is true?
- A. If the charged particles are moving, electrical energy is a type of kinetic energy.
- B. If uncharged particles are moving, electrical energy is a type of potential energy.
- C. If the charged particles are not moving, electrical energy is a type of kinetic energy.
- D. If the charged particles are moving, electrical energy is a type of potential energy.
A. If the charged particles are moving, electrical energy is a type of kinetic energy.
400
What is the difference between an energy transfer and an energy transformation?
Transfer is movement of energy from one place to another, and transformation is the change of one type of energy to another.
500
What happens to the volume of a gas when the pressure is increased at a constant temperature?
The volume decreases
500
Raul dug a hole in his yard to repair a water pipe. It took him 2 seconds to apply a force of 50 Newtons to push the shovel 0.25 m into the ground. How much power was used?
6.25 J/s
500
Lance is a 60-kg runner who, on a good day, runs at a speed of 5 m/s. What is his kinetic energy when he runs at this speed?
750 J
500
The teacher told Fatima that all types of energy are kinetic energy, potential energy, or both. Fatima drew this diagram to help her organize this information. She then sorted each type of energy into its correct category: chemical, electrical, electromagnetic, mechanical, nuclear, and thermal.
Which type of energy belongs only in the Kinetic Energy category?
Thermal energy
500
Andre is boiling water to cook pasta. The diagram shows some of the changes that occur when water is heated and boiled. These changes involve both energy transfers and energy transformations.
Describe one example of an energy transformation in this diagram and explain why it is a transformation.
The chemical energy of the gas is turned into thermal energy and electromagnetic radiation. It is a transformation because the energy changes from one type of energy to another.