Vocab
Boundaries that slide past each other
Transform Boundaries
What are plates?
Pieces of Earth's crust. What Earth's crust is broken into
What is a fault?
a crack in rock where there has been a major shift
What is the active, volcanic ring around the Pacific Plate called?
Ring of Fire
What is the putty like, second layer of the Earth?
Crack in rock where there has been a major shift
fault
What is the theory that Earth's crust is broken up into major and minor plates that float atop the mantle?
Theory of Plate tectonics
What is an earthquake?
The ground shaking caused by the release of energy stored in rocks
What are the four types of volcanoes?
1. composite
2. shield
3. strata
4. Lava dome
When two plates collide what is that called?
convergent boundary
Boundaries that move away from each other
divergent bouindaries
What is continental drift?
The theory that continents used to fit together as one super continent
What does the Mercalli Scale measure?
What people FEEL during an earthquake (intensity)
What is the large underground pool of molten rock sitting underneath the Earth's crust?
magma chamber
When plates push together what is formed?
mountains
A cone-shaped mountain which usually has a crater at the top
Volcano
What was the name of the super continent?
Pangea
What does the Richter Scale measure?
The largest jolt of an earthquake (strength)
What is the difference between magma and lava?
Lava is ABOVE the Earth's surface
What is used to measure an earthquake?
seismograph
Waves of energy that travel through Earth’s layers
Seismic Waves
What were Wegener's four pieces of evidence for his theory of continental drift?
1. fossil evidence
2. glacial evidence
3. continental fit
4. landforms and rock evidence
What is the difference between the focus and the epicenter of an earthquake?
Focus is the point UNDER the Earth's surface during an earthquake
Epicenter is the point ON Earth's surface during an earthquake
How are hotspot volcanoes formed?
Bonus: What is a famous set of Hotspot volcanoes?
Parts of the mantle that are very hot, create a mantle plume that breaks through the crust
BONUS: Hawaii
What is it called when two plates collide and one goes under the other?
subduction zone