Igneous Rocks
How do igneous rocks form?
Igneous rocks are formed when lava cools.
How do sedimentary rocks form?
Sedimentary rocks are formed when deposits of sediments and once-living organisms get smushed and harden (compaction and cementation)
How do metamorphic rocks form?
Metamorphic rocks form when other rocks are exposed to intense heat and pressure
What is the definition of viscosity?
Low-runny, liquidness of magma or lava
Give two examples of igneous rocks.
- diorite
- granite
- obsidian
Give three examples of sedimentary rocks.
Sandstone
Mudstone
Shale
Give two examples of metamorphic rocks.
- gneiss
- marble
What percentage of land is formed by volcanoes?
80%
What are the two types of igneous rocks?
Extrusive/Plutonic and Intrusive/Volcanic.
Sedimentary rocks are formed by what two methods?
Sedimentary rocks are formed by compaction and cementation.
What is the comparative heat of Metamorphic rocks to sedimentary and igneous?
It semi-melts, and is between sedimentary on the cool side on igneous on the hot side
What is pyroclastic flow?
It is the fast moving, destructive flow of volcano junk such as solidified lava, volcanic ash and gases.
What is the difference between phaneritic and aphanitic?
Phaneritic - when the igneous rock has large, coarse grains that look like easily visible crystals; formed with a slow cooling rate intrusively
Aphanitic - When the igneous rock has very fine grains that are difficult to distinguish each other; forms very fast cooling extrusively
What are the steps that lead to cementation and compaction?
- weathering
- erosion
- deposition
- cementation/compaction
What is Regional Metamorphism?
When two large areas of rock experience great pressure.
What is subduction and what forms because of it?
Subduction is the sideways and downward movement of the edge of a plate of the earth's crust into the mantle beneath another plate creating, among other things, volcanoes.
What are the differences between felsic, intermediate, and mafic?
Felsic - when the minerals in the rock are light in color
Intermediate - when the minerals in the rock are both light and dark in color
Mafic - when the minerals in the rock are dark in color
What is the definition of lithification?
The definition of lithification is the process of loose grains of sediment turning into rock.
What is Contact Metamorphism?
When a rock is close to a magma chamber or other magma and slightly melts and recrystallizes or resolidifies
How do shifting tectonic plates affect the surface of the earth?
The collision creates mountains and sometimes volcanoes.
Name all five things on the "mineral checklist."
Regular chemical composition
Crystalline structure
Solid
Inorganic
Naturally occurring