Force, Motion and Energy
3 For a class demonstration a student turned off the lights in the classroom. The student then shined light from a flashlight through a hole in a piece of cardboard. The class saw the narrow beam of light continue until another student placed a mirror in the light’s path. The light did not continue past the mirror because —
A light cannot travel very far
B the mirror absorbed all the light
C the light was refracted back to the light source
D light travels in a straight line and cannot go around objects
D light travels in a straight line and cannot go around objects
Students observe a glass of ice and water. The glass is dry on the outside. After ten minutes students see drops of water on the outside of the glass. Which statement best explains the students’ observations?
A The water vapor in the air changes to a liquid when it touches the cold glass.
B The cold water inside the glass rises and then slides down the outside of the glass.
C The ice in the glass melted and caused the water to overflow the glass.
D The water moved to the outside surface through tiny holes in the glass.
A The water vapor in the air changes to a liquid when it touches the cold glass.
Earth continuously rotates on its axis while also moving in an orbit. About how much time does it take for Earth to make one complete rotation on its axis?
F 24 hours
G 30 days
H 60 minutes
J 365 days
F 24 hours
A student prepared a snack that consisted of grapes, pecans, and strawberries sprinkled with white powdered sugar. The student stored the snack in a refrigerator. An hour later the student observed that the powdered sugar could no longer be seen but the fruit and nuts had not changed in appearance. What most likely happened to the sugar in the mixture?
A The sugar evaporated at the lower temperature in the refrigerator without causing any changes to the fruit and nuts.
B The sugar was more dense than the other foods in the mixture, so it settled to the bottom of the container.
C The sugar dissolved in the moisture on the fruit.
D The sugar absorbed energy from the nuts and melted into a colorless liquid
C The sugar dissolved in the moisture on the fruit.
Which effect would most likely occur if a six-lane highway were built through an ecosystem?
F Competition for resources would be reduced.
G Habitats available to animals would be reduced.
H Air pollution would decrease.
J Water pollution would decrease
G Habitats available to animals would be reduced.
A Girl Scout can use the light energy from a campfire to —
A. heat the campsite.
B. see in the darkness.
C. power a small generator.
D. cook hot dogs and marshmallows
B. see in the darkness.
A student recorded the time it took for all the water in a puddle on a sidewalk to evaporate after a rain. Which kind of energy causes water to evaporate?
A Light energy from streetlights
B Sound energy from passing cars
C Thermal energy from the environment
D Mechanical energy from nearby streets
C Thermal energy from the environment
The moon, the sun, and Earth have different physical characteristics. Which of these best describes a physical characteristic of the sun?
F It is solid and has many layers.
G It rotates on its axis every 24 hours.
H It is mostly made of hydrogen and helium.
J It is smaller and has less gravity than Earth or the moon.
H It is mostly made of hydrogen and helium.
A group of students is given four small cubes of the same size and instructed to place them in a beaker of water. One cube floats to the surface of the water. Two of the cubes float in the middle of the beaker under the surface of the water. The last cube sinks to the bottom of the beaker. Which conclusion is best supported by what the students observed?
A Two of the four cubes are soluble in water.
B All four cubes have different masses.
C Each cube is made of a different type of solid material.
D One of the cubes is more dense than the other three.
D One of the cubes is more dense than the other three.
Unlike humans, otters have special flaps that close off their nostrils and ears. These flaps help otters survive in an environment that is —
A terrestrial
B snowy
C windy
D aquatic
D aquatic
A solar panel on top of a house converts light energy into electrical energy. The electrical energy
can be used to —
A. Reduce the use of appliances in the house.
B. Buy appliances for the house.
C. Remove appliances from the house.
D. Power appliances in the house.
D. Power appliances in the house.
When it is cloudy, most of the Sun's light does not reach the surface of the ocean. On a cloudy
day, the surface of the ocean is —
A. unlikely to lose any water.
B. likely to lose a great deal of water.
C. unlikely to lose much water.
D. likely to freeze.
C. unlikely to lose much water.
In the early 1600s, the astronomer Galileo used a telescope to make observations of Mercury and Venus. What are the positions of these planets in relation to the sun?
F Mercury is the planet closest to the sun, and Venus is the second planet from the sun.
G Mercury is the second planet from the sun, and Venus is the third planet from the sun.
H Venus is the planet closest to the sun, and Mercury is the second planet from the sun.
J Mercury is the third planet from the sun, and Venus is the planet closest to the sun.
F Mercury is the planet closest to the sun, and Venus is the second planet from the sun.
Which change occurs when lemon juice is mixed with water?
F The mass of the lemon juice decreases.
G The water becomes a solid.
H The lemon juice dissolves and spreads out evenly in the water.
J The volume of the water decreases.
H The lemon juice dissolves and spreads out evenly in the water.
A student raises a parrot from the time it hatches. Which of these behaviors did the parrot most likely learn from living in the student’s home?
F The parrot flaps its wings while sitting on a perch.
G The parrot has a loud scream that hurts the student’s ears.
H The parrot imitates the family dog barking.
J The parrot tucks its head under its wing when it sleeps.
H The parrot imitates the family dog barking.
A circuit is composed of a lightbulb, a conducting wire, a battery, and a switch. What occurs
when the switch is closed?
A. Electricity from the battery overloads the switch and causes the wire spark.
B. Electricity from the battery lights the bulb.
C. Electricity from the battery does not reach the bulb.
D. Electricity from the battery sometimes reaches the bulb, but does not light it.
B. Electricity from the battery lights the bulb.
Which of the following explains how water undergoes a change of state in one stage of the water cycle in order to move from the ocean’s surface into the air?
F Liquid water that is heated by the sun becomes a gas and rises.
G Gaseous water rises as it is cooled by the ocean.
H Liquid water that is heated by the sun condenses into rain.
J Gaseous water collects in drops of fog above the ocean’s surface.
F Liquid water that is heated by the sun becomes a gas and rises.
Malena and her mother are outside looking at the stars on a dark night. Where is Malena
located in relation to the Sun during the night hours?
A. On the side of Earth that has rotated away from the Sun
B. At the closest point to the Sun in Earth's orbit
C. At the furthest point from the Sun in Earth's orbit
D. On the side of Earth that has rotated toward the Sun
A. On the side of Earth that has rotated away from the Sun
Leah adds a cup of uncooked rice to a cup of dried peas in a bowl. Which of the following will
not happen?
A. The rice and peas will rest side by side.
B. The rice and peas will be able to be separated.
C. The rice and peas will combine into a new chemical substance.
D. The rice and peas will maintain a physical properties.
C. The rice and peas will combine into a new chemical substance.
Which landform is a result of rapid changes to Earth’s surface?
A U-shaped valley
B Limestone cave
C Mountain range
D Volcanic island
D Volcanic island
Translucent objects are objects that allow some light energy through them, but they cannot be
seen through clearly. Which parts of Tonya's door are translucent and only allow some light
energy through it?
A. Both the glass and the wood parts
B. Neither the glass nor wood parts
C. The glass parts, only
D. The wood parts, only
C. The glass parts, only
Which process will happen when the sun interacts with the ocean?
F Rain will fall only on the land.
G Water will not evaporate at nighttime.
H Salt water will become fresh water vapor.
J Precipitation will happen less often.
H Salt water will become fresh water vapor.
Edie is trying to learn the order of the planets by making a sentence to help her. Her sentence
must have words that start with the first letter of the planets' names in the right order. Which
sentence could Edie use to help her remember the planets, in order, from the closest to the
farthest planet from the Sun?
A. Eager moose never make silly jumps upon vegetables.
B. Nine mice said very excited jokes until Monday.
C. Very early men stayed up juggling Monday night.
D. My very educated mother just sat upon nails.
D. My very educated mother just sat upon nails.
A chemist added a burst of carbon dioxide gas to a cup of lime water and quickly put a lid on the
cup. What happened when the carbon dioxide gas was added to the lime water?
A. The carbon dioxide dissolved, and the lime water became a lime-tasting soda.
B. The carbon dioxide turned into a liquid, and the volume of the lime water decreased.
C. The carbon dioxide sank to the bottom of the cup.
D. The carbon dioxide floated on top of the water.
D. The carbon dioxide floated on top of the water.
Fossil fuels, such as oil, can be found in ancient ocean or sea beds, where pressure and bacteria
have —
A. melted plant and animal remains into magma.
B. transformed plant and animal remains into liquids.
C. burned plant and animal remains into ashes.
D. hardened plant and animal remains into rocks.
D. hardened plant and animal remains into rocks.