Mutations
What are the three main types of mutations discussed in class?
Insertion, Deletion, Duplication
What is a GMO?
Genetically Modified Organism
What is the term for the process where humans select animals with desired traits to breed?
Selective breeding
What is a limitation of natural selection?
It can only act on pre-existing alleles
Give an example of a common mutation in humans.
Red Hair
Blue Eyes
Lactose Tolerant
Short Sleeper Syndrome
Anti-Malaria Gene
Missing Wisdom Teeth
Red-Green Color Blindness
What is a Genetically Modified Organism (GMO)?
An organism that has been genetically altered for desired traits
What is an advantage of selective breeding?
crops with higher yield, produce animals that grow more meat, more mild, more eggs, faster and stronger, friendlier and prettier pets
In natural selection, what determines if a trait should be passed on or not?
Environmental pressure/ nature
What type of mutation is likely to become more common over time?
Beneficial mutations
What percentage of corn grown in America is considered GMO?
90%
What is the main difference between selective breeding and genetic engineering?
Genetic engineering can only be done in a laboratory
What does term 'fitness' mean in natural selection?
An organism's ability to survive and reproduce
Give an example of a neutral mutation.
Chimera in hibiscus flowers, heterochromia
What is a potential negative consequence of GMOs?
Allergic reactions, less nutritional value, Accidental Gene Transfer, Playing God
What is a disadvantage of selective breeding?
Loss of Genes in a Population, Animal Discomfort, Can Lead to Inbreeding
Who came up with the idea of Natural Selection?
Charles Darwin
Xanthochromism is a mutation that causes frogs to be
yellow instead of green. Is this mutation beneficial, harmful, or neutral?
Harmful
Which animal has been genetically modified and approved by the FDA for human food consumption to help people with Alpha-gal syndrome?
What is selective breeding?
Selective Breeding is where humans select (chose) 2 animals with desired traits and breed (mate) them trying to produce offspring with the desired traits of both parents
What does natural selection do to mutations?
It keeps mutations that are beneficial