Definitions
What is a fluid?
A substance that can flow and has no fixed shape.
What is cohesion?
Particles sticking to each other.
What is the formula for flow rate?
Flow rate = Volume ÷ Time
Smooth, even flow is called…
Laminar flow.
Honey won’t flow on a cold day. What should you do?
Warm the bottle → decreases viscosity → honey flows easier.
Hydrodynamics studies…
Moving liquids (NOT air!)
What is adhesion?
Particles of a fluid sticking to another surface.
100 mL flows in 10 seconds. What is the flow rate?
10 mL/s
Choppy, irregular flow is called…
Turbulent flow.
Name one fluid that flows in the human body.
Blood, oxygen, urine, stomach acid, sweat, saliva
What is viscosity?
A measure of how quickly a fluid flows (thickness).
What happens to viscosity when temperature increases?
It decreases — fluids flow faster.
What action increases flow rate?
Increasing temperature
Which involves laminar flow?
Syrup flowing slowly through a tube
What health problem occurs if blood flow is blocked?
Possible heart attack or stroke due to blood clot.
What is fluid dynamics?
The study of how fluids behave while moving.
Which has higher viscosity: molasses or water?
Molasses.
What causes slower flow rate on pipe walls?
Adhesion.
Why do we streamline objects?
To reduce turbulence and drag.
Give an example of controlling fluid flow in the environment.
ex. Dams controlling water flow; pipelines.
What is streamlining?
Designing something so fluid flows over it smoothly with little turbulence.
Give an example of cohesion in real life.
.......
In cold weather, why does syrup flow slowly?
Low temp → High viscosity → Slow flow.
Give a real-life example where turbulent flow is good.
Adds oxygen to rivers for fish.
Give one positive and one negative effect of dams.
Positive: electricity, flood control
Negative: ecosystem damage, fish disruption