CNS
Structure
Structure
The Who's Who of Neuroscience
Cells of the Nervous System
Action Potential
Cellular Communication
CNS Function
Total Randomness
100
What is the name of the major white matter tract that connects the two cerebral hemispheres?
What is the corpus callosum?
100
This famous case involved a railroad blast foreman who suffered a traumatic brain injury when a tamping iron shot up through his skull, puncturing the frontal lobe of his brain.
Who is Phineas Gage?
100
What are nerves composed of?
What are bundles of axons?
100
What is the resting potential of a neuron?
What is -70mv?
100
What is the term for the space between the terminal button of one neuron and the dendritic membrane of another neuron?
What is the synapse?
100
This brain structure is known as the "relay station" of the brain, projecting information to the cerebral cortex.
What is the thalamus?
100
Approximately how many neurons are in the human brain?
What is 86 billion?
200
The grooves in the cortex are known as what?
What are sulci?
200
This Spanish neuroscientist is considered the "Father of Neuroscience" due to his fine detailed and exquisite drawings of individual neurons.
Who is Santiago Ramon y Cajal?
200
What are the four main components of a neuron?
What are the cell body, dendrites, axon, and terminal buttons?
200
An increase in membrane potential is known as what?
What is hyperpolarization?
200
What is the name for the structures that are made of membrane and carry neurotransmitters for synaptic release?
What are synaptic vesicles?
200
The autonomic nervous system is broken down into what two components?
What is the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system?
200
This term refers to structures that are located on the same side of the body.
What is ipsilateral?
300
This soft and spongy structure is the middle layer of the meninges.
What is the arachnoid membrane?
300
What are the names of the two researchers who conducted foundational work in squids, characterizing the action potential, and earning them the Nobel Prize in 1963?
Who are Hodgkin and Huxley?
300
This type of neuron detects changes in the external or internal environment and sends information about these changes afferently back to the central nervous system.
What are sensory neurons?
300
What is the law that states the "strength" of an action potential is relative to the number of action potentials a neuron can fire?
What is the Rate Law?
300
DAILY DOUBLE!!!
As an action potential reaches the presynaptic terminal, it activates what kind of ion channel to initiate the process of exocytosis?
300
This group of brain structures are responsible for motor learning and motor memory.
What is the basal ganglia?
300
What is the ratio of glial cells to neurons in the central nervous system?
What is 3 to 1?
400
What is the name of the brain subdivision that includes the cerebral cortex?
What is the telencephalon?
400
DAILY DOUBLE!!!
Camillo Golgi vehemently believed in this theory, which posited that all neurons are physically connected in a net-like organization.
400
What are the three types of glial cells in the central nervous system?
What are astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes?
400
What must be reached in order for a neuron to fire an action potential?
What is the threshold of excitation?
400
Low levels of this type of neurotransmitter is linked to Parkinson's Disease.
What is dopamine?
400
This is the group of brain regions that include the hippocampus and amygdala and are involved in learning, memory, and emotion.
What is the limbic system?
400
This structure is responsible for vital autonomic functions and becomes compromised when people consume too much alcohol, leading to death.
What is the medulla oblongata?
500
Which ventricle divides surrounding parts of the brain into symmetrical halves?
What is the third ventricle?
500
What is the name of the famous physician who published, "Recovery of the Passage of an Iron Bar," in which he described the gruesome details of Phineas Gage's injury?
Who is John Harlow?
500
What type of glial cell serves as the primary immune response cell and is responsible for taking out "brain trash?"
What are microglia?
500
What is the term that describes when impulses add up at the same location over a short period of time, resulting in the propagation of an action potential.
What is temporal summation?
500
These two neurotransmitters work together to regulate the brain's stress response (fight or flight), and decreases in their levels are associated with ADHD.
What are epinephrine and norepinephrine?
500
What is this image known as and what does it represent?
What is the homunculus?
What is the area of the cortex that is representative of that type of external information?
500
What is the orientational name of the brain section pictured below?
What is sagittal?