Genetics
What is genetics?
The study of how genes interact with one another and heredity
What is a punnet square used for?
To determine the probability that an offspring will express a specific trait
What is heredity?
How traits are passed down from parents to offspring.
Which nitrogenous bases go with each other?
Adenine and Thymine
Guanine and Cytosine
What is it called when both alleles of a heterozygous offspring don't act dominant over each other and then both alleles are expressed?
Codominance
What is it called when the genotype is BB?
Homozygous Dominant
How many alleles from each parent does each box get?
One
Name 3 examples of traits an offspring can inherit:
Hair color, hair type, eye color, freckles, height, dimples, blood type etc.
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic acids
What is it called when there is a blend of both alleles?
Incomplete dominance
What is a gene?
A portion of the chromosome that is made up of DNA
Freckles is a recessive trait. One parent is homozygous dominant and the other is heterozygous. What is the probability their offspring will have freckles?
0%
Humans are not clones of each other, so what is the percentage of the amount inherited from each parent?
(For example, 30-70)
50-50
What helps replicate the DNA?
Different enzymes
What does each blood type give to and what can it recieve
O to all blood types - only accepts O
A to A, AB- accepts A, O
B to B, AB - accepts O, B
AB to AB - accepts B, A, O, AB
Which allele gets masked, and is only expressed when there are two present?
The recessive allele
Curly hair is dominant over straight hair. Both parents are heterozygous. What is the probability of their offspring having straight hair?
25%
Heredity causes offspring to be _____ from their parents. Explain why.
Different, because humans inherit different traits from their parents. Also during meiosis when crossing over occurs the offspring is being prevented from being identical to the parents.
What is the structure of the DNA?
A double helix composed of 2 complementary strands that contain nitrogenous bases
In which cell type and where does the DNA replication take place? What does each new double helix of DNA contain?
Eukaryotic cell
Takes place in the Nucleus
1 old strand, 1 new strand
What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?
Genotype is the make up of the genes and you can not see it but phenotype is the traits and expression of the genes that is observable.
Dimples are the dominant gene. There is one parent with homozygous dominant for dimples and the other parent is heterozygous with dimples. What is the probability their offspring will have NO dimples?
0%
When studying heredity, what is the relationship of DNA bases and traits?
The sequence of DNA bases can actually code for traits
Why does the DNA need to be replicated?
Because when new cells are made, new DNA is needed for the daughter cells
Why are genes significant?
Because it helps the DNA which determines your traits which you need for adaptation and survival.