Structure & Function of Cells
What are the three parts of cell theory?
- All living things are made of cells
- Cells are the basic unit of life
- All cells come from pre-existing cells
What is a selectively permeable membrane?
With a selectively permeable membrane, only certain substances can cross the membrane, whilst others cannot.
What are daughter cells?
Two identical cells produced from cellular division.
Where does Photosynthesis occur?
The chloroplast
Where does Cellular Respiration occur?
The mitochondria
What was the role of microscopes?
Microscopes allowed scientists to gather new information about cells and how they function, leading to the creation of the cell theory.
Compare and Contrast Endocytosis and Exocytosis.
Endocytosis is the process by which large particles are transported into the cell. Exocytosis is the process by which large particles are released by the cell.
What is the purpose of cell division?
To make new cells
What is the difference between heterotrophs and autotrophs?
Autotrophs make food for themselves; Heterotrophs do not.
What does Cellular Respiration do?
Turns glucose into usable energy
Why are cells the basic unit of life?
- They are the smallest things capable of performing all the functions necessary for life.
Compare and Contrast Diffusion, Osmosis, and Active Transport.
- Diffusion and Osmosis are forms of Passive Transport, meaning that they do not require energy, whilst Active Transport does.
- Diffusion is the process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. Osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane.
Why do cells divide instead of growing larger?
- It allows for growth, as there is a physical limit as to how large cells can grow
- It allows for recovery, as old cells and damaged cells can be replaced by new cells that can properly carry out the functions needed.
Which reactants are used in photosynthesis?
CO₂ + H₂O
(Carbon Dioxide + Water)
What is the equation for Cellular Respiration?
C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + energy (ATP)
What are the differences between plant and animal cells?
- Plant cells have cell walls; animal cells do not
- Plant cells have bigger vacuoles
- Plant cells have chloroplasts; animal cells do not
What are the three phases of cell division? Explain them.
Interphase, Mitosis, and Cytokinesis
Interphase: The process in which the cells grows so that it can have the things it needs to go through cell division.
Mitosis: The process in which the cell's nucleus divides into two new nuclei and one set of DNA is distributed into each daughter cell.
Cytokinesis: The process in which the cytoplasm divides, distributing the organelles into each of the two new daughter cells.
Which products come out of Photosynthesis?
C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂
(Glucose + Oxygen)
What kind of connection is there between Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration?
Since photosynthesis uses Carbon Dioxide and Water to make Glucose and Oxygen, and Cellular Respiration is the opposite, using Glucose and Oxygen to make Carbon Dioxide and Water, they create a cycle.
List the functions of these parts of a cell: Nucleus, Mitochondrion, Cell Membrane, Vacuole, Lysosome, Chloroplast, Cell wall
Nucleus: Controls all cell activity
Mitochondrion: The powerhouse of the cell; converts energy in food to energy used by the cell
Cell Membrane: A thin flexible barrier that surrounds a cell and controls which substances pass in and out of a cell.
Vacuole: Stores water, food, water products, or other materials.
Lysosome: Breaks down food particles and worn-out cell parts.
Chloroplast: Makes food for the cell using energy from sunlight.
Cell wall: The rigid supporting layer that surround the cells of plants, protists, fungi, and some bacteria.
What is the equation?
6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂
(6 Carbon Dioxide Molecules + 6 Water molecules → Glucose + 6 Oxygen Molecules)