Written Systems
The alphabet we used today
Phoenician Alphabet
a period in human history characterized by the widespread use of bronze for tools, weapons, and other artifacts
Bronze age
built magnificent structures that showcased their engineering skills, creativity, and cultural identity.
Architectural Wonders
Built for Pharaoh Khufu as a royal tomb.
The Great Pyramid of Giza
Developed for agriculture and religious ceremonies.
Mayan Calendar
an early writing system that was used by the Phoenicians in the Mediterranean region around 1500 B.C.E
Phoenician Alphabet
a period in human history characterized by the widespread use of iron for tools, weapons, and other artifacts.
Iron Age
control water supply, support agriculture, and sustain large populations.
Irrigation
Largest amphitheater ever built for gladiator games.
The Colosseum
Lunar Calendar (Year of Birth ex. Year of the Rat, Ox Tiger, etc.)
Chinese Astronomy/Zodiac
the earliest known writing system and was originally developed to write the Sumerian language of southern Mesopotamia (modern Iraq).
Cuneiform
A metal used in tools, machinery, and infrastructure due to its strength and durability.
Iron and Steel
refers to a large structure with a similar shape, often built as a tomb or temple in ancient civilizations.
Pyramid
Built to protect against Mongol invasions.
The Great Wall of China
Improved celestial navigation, leading to more accurate maps.
Islamic Celestial Navigation
a writing system used by ancient Egyptians that combines logographic, syllabic, and alphabetic elements.
Hieroglyphics
The Romans built this to bring water to cities and towns.
Aqueducts
known for their advanced construction techniques and infrastructure, many of which still influence modern engineering.
Roman Engineering
Built to honor Athena, the goddess of wisdom.
The Parthenon
12 Zodiac Signs (Leo, Libra, etc.)
Greek Astronomy
It is the longest, best-organized, and best-preserved legal text from the ancient Near East.
Code of Hammurabi
the practice of building fortifications, roads, and siege equipment by the Roman army. It was a key factor in the success of Roman campaigns.
Roman Military Engineering
a crucial role in the development of early civilizations, influencing architecture, land measurement, astronomy, and art.
Geometry
Said to be built by King Nebuchadnezzar II for his queen.
The Hanging Gardens of Babylon
Their significant contributions to mathematics, celestial calculations, timekeeping, and planetary motion.
Indian Astronomy