Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic
Contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms on their nucleus.
- Prokaryotic: doesn't have a true nucleus- their genetic material isn't enclosed within a membrane; it's located in a region called the nucleoid
- Eukaryotic: These cells have a well-defined nucleus where the genetic material is enclosed within a membrane.
Contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms on their reproduction.
Prokaryotic: asexually
Eukaryotic: most reproduce sexually
Explain their functions and if they are for plant cells (🍁), animal cells(🐻), or both (🍁🐻).
- Cell membrane
- Cell wall
- Cell membrane: structure, protection of cell; is semi-permeable, separates the inside of the cell from outside 🍁🐻
- Cell wall: structure, protection of cell 🍁
What did Louis Pasteur try to prove false? Define it. What is the correct concept? Define it.
He proved spontaneous generation wrong. It is a concept that living things come from non-living things. It is actually biogenesis, a concept that living things come from living things.
Why is specialization important in cells? (type of cell)
REFER TO NOTES
Contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms on their organelles.
Prokaryotic: lack membrane-bound organelles. Structures like the mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi Apparatus are absent.
Eukaryotic: These cells contain a variety of membrane-bound organelles including the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi Apparatus, and others (each with a specific function)
Contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms on their transcription.
Prokaryotic: takes place in the cytoplasm
Eukaryotic: takes place in the nucleus
Explain their functions and if they are for plant cells (🍁), animal cells(🐻), or both (🍁🐻).
- Chloroplast
- Mitochondria
- Chloroplast: uses the sunlight for energy to make glucose(for food), and oxygen- sends to mitochondria (🍁)
-Mitochondria "powerhouse": takes the sugar, releases energy from it (🍁🐻)
1. Prepare sterile broth.
2. Boil the broth.
3. Put broth in 2 swan-neck flasks, one sealed, and the other open.
4. Wait; leave the broth undisturbed for a few days.
Results:
opened- still clear, no bacteria growth
sealed- cloudy due to bacteria growth
Review Ch.1 and Ch. 2 notes, and quiz yourself on them.
JUST DO IT 🏋️♀️🏋️♀️🏋️♀️
Contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms on their cell size.
Prokaryotic: generally smaller in size, ranging from 0.1 to 5.0 micrometers
Eukaryotic: typically larger, usually ranging from 10 to 100 micrometers
Prokaryotic: bacteria (unicellular)
Eukaryotic: me 😁 (multicellular)
Explain their functions and if they are for plant cells (🍁), animal cells(🐻), or both (🍁🐻).
-Nucleus
-Endoplasmic Reticulum
-Nucleus "control center": sends out instruction to the other parts of the cell to do their activities/controls cell activity; contains genetic info (🍁🐻)
-Endoplasmic Reticulum: transports materials inside the cells (🍁🐻)
What was the cell theory and how did Pasteur's experiment prove it?
The cell theory is a theory that every living thing is made of 1+ cells, cells carry out functions, and cells only come from other cells. The experiment proved that the broth didn't generate bacteria, but already living bacteria in the air entered the broth.
Refer to textbook or notebook 📚📚📚
Contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms on their genetic material.
Prokaryotic: possess a singular circular DNA molecule located in the nucleoid. They may also contain smaller DNA molecules called plasmids.
Eukaryotic: have multiple linear chromosomes housed within the nucleus
Draw prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Check notes 👻
Explain their functions and if they are for plant cells (🍁), animal cells(🐻), or both (🍁🐻).
- Ribosomes
-Cytoplasm
- Ribosomes: make proteins (🍁🐻)
- Cytoplasm: "jelly-like" substance that holds organelles (🍁🐻)
Define independent variable and dependent variables and give examples in a sample experiment paragraph.
An independent variable is a variable that is changed and doesn't rely on another. A dependent variable is a variable that changes based on an independent variable.
Bob was conducting an experiment. He was calculating the height of a ball's bounce based on the material it was made of. (IV- material of ball; DV- height of bounce)
What are archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes and which of them are prokaryotes?
LOOK AT NOTES 😓
Contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms on their cell wall.
Prokaryotic: all prokaryotic cells have a cell wall
Eukaryotic: not all of those cells have a cell wall
Prokaryotic:
Genetic material (chromosomes) loosely exist in cytoplasm
Unicellular
Primitive
Usually for bacteria
No mitochondria
Eukaryotic:
Genetic information exists inside a nucleus
Multicellular
Complex
Usually for plant and animal
Has mitochondria
Look at DOC 192 for more info.
Explain their functions and if they are for plant cells (🍁), animal cells(🐻), or both (🍁🐻).
- Golgi bodies
- vacuoles
- Golgi bodies: sort, distribute, and pack materials (🍁🐻)
- vacuoles "bubbles": temporary storage for food, water, and waste (🍁🐻)
Describe the importance of photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
I AM DEFINITELY NOT TYPING ALL THIS OUT!! LOOK AT HW ESSAY, TEXTBOOK (p.52) OR NOTEBOOK!!
Define specializations, tissue, and organ.
Refer to NooOoooOOtEeES 😓