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100
Dutch Cartographer who noticed the coastlines of the continents appeared to fit together. Though they could have been separates by floods. In 1500s. " Looks like a puzzle"
Abrahm Ortelius
100
Regions where two tectonic plates are moving apart.
Divergent Boundaries
100
First continent, supercontinent, Greek for " All the Earth"
Pangea
100
Often forms an arc of volcanic islands that parallel a trench
Ex) Mariana Trench with Mariana Islands
Oceanic- Oceanic Boundary
100
Indicated that the environment was once swampy (Wet and Warm)
Indicated that the area was once cold enough to support glaciers.
Cole deposits
Glacial deposits
200
The theory that explains how new oceanic crust forms at ocean ridges, slowly moves away from ocean ridges, and is destroyed at deep-sea trenches (explained continental drift)
Seafloor Spreading
200
Warm less dense material rises while cool more dense material sinks
Convection Currents
200
Radioactive decay causing convection currents. The currents drive the movement of tectonic plates resulting in new rock formation.
Plate Movement
200
REFLECTION of sound waves
Sonar
200
Huge pieces of crust and rigid upper mantle that fit together at their edges to cover up Earth's surface.
8 major plates
Move cm/y
Plate tectonics
300
A device that can detect small changes in magnetic fields
Magnetometer
300
Earths continents have once been broken apart with the continents moving.
Continental drift
300
The edges of both continents collide and become crumples, folded, and uplifted creating a mountain range
Ex. Himalayas
Continental -Continental Boundary
300
Germn meteorologist that proposed the idea of continental drift in 1912. Wrote and revised books to support his ideas. Collected rock, fossil, and climate evidence. "The continents move"
Alfred Wegener
300
Study of the history of Earth's magnetic field.
Paleomagnetism
400
Oceanic plate is subducted creating a chain of volcanoes on the edge of the continent with a nearby ocean trench.
Ex. Peru- Chile Trench and Andes Mountain Range
Oceanic- Continental Boundary
400
A denser plate descends below a less dense plate
Subduction
400
An imaginary line on a map that shows points that have the same age
Isochron
400
Narrow depression that forms when continents crust begins to separate.
Rift valley
400
The weight of the cooler, dense subducting plate pulls the trailing slab into the subduction zone. Larger effect on movement.
Slab Pull
500
What were the two main questions that the community asked Wegener
What caused the plates to move?
How could they move through solid rock?
500
The flow in the outer core changes, and Earth's magnetic field changes directions (Pointed north then pointed south)
Magnetic Reversals
500
As the older portion of the seafloor sinks, the weight of the uplifted ridge pushes the oceanic plate towards the trench formed at the subduction zone
Ridge push
500
Region where two plates slide horizontally past each other resulting in shallow earthquakes sometimes leading to tsunamis (tidal waves)
Ex. San Andreas Fault
Transform Boundary
500
Two tectonic plates are moving towards each other
They are converging together
Convergent boundary