Under the Sea
The dangerous currents formed when large amounts of water from waves surge out to sea through a break in a sandbar
Rip currents
Oceanographic tool that is a highly maneuverable robot linked to a support ship by cables
ROV
The top layer of soil, which contains most of the organic substances and nutrients
Top Soil
Weaker earthquakes that often follow an earthquake at frequent intervals for days or months
Aftershocks
A submersible consisting of a new compartment suspended from a float
Bathyscaphe
Large waves created by underwater disturbances
Tsunamis
Any area of the sea that exceeds 6000 m in depth
Hadal Zone
The term that describes a fossil that extends through multiple strata
Polystrate Fossil
Type of volcano that is made of alternating layers of lava and ash
Composite Volcano
At the end of the sandy, underwater plain that borders the land, a sharp drop-off marks the beginning of this
Continental Slope
Type of current that is made of seawater mixed with mud or silt and can erode the ocean floor to produce submarine canyons
Turbidity current
Device that uses underwater sound waves to determine the size, distance, and direction of objects
Sonar
Method of erosion prevention that involves alternating strips of different types of crops
Strip-cropping
Type of fault that occurs when rocks on one side of a fault are shoved on top of the rocks on the other side of the fault
Thrust Fault
An upward-flowing current that occurs when a land breeze pushes surface water away from the coasts
Upwelling
Oceanographic tool that charts currents far beneath the surface and sends back accurate measurements of those currents and water properties
Profiling float
The circular paths that the ocean currents move in
Gyres
The technique used by evolutionists to assign supposedly exact ages to rocks & fossils
Radiometric Dating
Method of measuring an earthquake's strength based on the earthquake's effects on people and structures
Modified Mercalli Scale
Device that oceanographers use to measure the temperatures at different levels and report them back to a surface ship
Expendable Bathythermograph
Device that has an open tube that is dropped to the sea floor to allow its weight to puncture sediment and bring up sediment samples
Gravity Corer
A huge, muddy valley that cuts into the deep ocean floor
Trench
Type of dune that looks like a pyramid with several out-reaching arms
Star Dune
The process of modifying a smooth slope into a series of level, stair-like steps to prevent erosion
Terracing
A circular coral-reef island that grows around an underwater volcano
atoll