Rocks & Minerals
What are rocks made of?
Minerals
What is sediment?
Sediment is tiny pieces of rock, minerals, bones, plants or other things.
What is the difference between MAGMA and LAVA?
Magma is under the Earth, Lava is outside the Earth.
What are the TWO things that happen to form metamorphic rock? (hint: h + p)
Heat and pressure.
What is a cycle?
A cycle is like a circle-- a circular process, where things get re-used.
Name one thing that rocks and/or minerals are used for.
Answers may vary.
How is sedimentary rock formed?
Sedimentary rock is formed by LAYERS of sediment that get pushed together over time.
Melted rock under the Earth's surface (underground) is called ___________.
Magma.
Why do metamorphic rocks form underneath the Earth's surface?
Because it is very hot, and there is a lot of pressure.
How is the rock cycle like recycling? (ie. recycling your plastic bottles or paper)
In the rock cycle, rocks get re-used, like plastic or paper when we recycle.
Name TWO different ways that rocks and/or minerals are used.
Answers may vary.
In a sedimentary rock, which layer is the "newest" or "youngest" layer?
The top layer.
How is igneous rock formed?
Igneous rock is formed when magma or lava cools (hardens).
Which sentence describes how a metamorphic rock changes into another kind of metamorphic rock?
A. sediments form
B. minerals break
C. heat and pressure change the rock
D. magma cools
C. Heat and pressure change the rock
If a rock gets very, very hot and melts, what does it become?
Magma
Why do you think diamonds are used in tools for cutting?
If you were looking at a rock, how could you tell it was sedimentary?
You could see layers in the rock, it would be softer than other rocks, could be sandy, etc.
If you were looking at a rock, how could you tell is was igneous?
It could be very smooth, hard, or look like cooled lava.
There are many, many types of metamorphic rocks. Why do you think metamorphic rocks vary so much?
Metamorphic rocks vary so much because they can be made from ANY kind of rocks mixed together through heat and pressure.
If a rock is next to the ocean, and gets hit with many storms, lots of rain, and strong ocean waves, what will it become?
It will break down into sediment
There are four main ways to test rocks. Choose two to explain.
HARDNESS, LUSTER, CLEAVAGE, STREAK.
HARDNESS- how hard a rock or mineral is
LUSTER- how a rock or mineral shines under light
CLEAVAGE- how a rock or mineral breaks into pieces; what shape it takes.
STREAK- the color that a rock leaves when rubbed on a white piece of paper or tile.
Draw the complete rock cycle on the board.
Full points for the following:
Sediment, sedimentary, metamorphic, magma, igneous
+ heat and pressure, breaking up into pieces, melting, cooling