Thermal Energy & Heat
What is thermal energy?
The total kinetic and potential energy of the particles in a material
What is kinetic energy?
The energy of motion
What tool measures temperature?
A thermometer
Name one way heat is transferred
Conduction / Convection / Radiation
What is thermal contraction?
Decrease in size when cooled
What is heat?
The transfer of thermal energy from a warmer object to a cooler object
What is potential energy?
Stored energy
What liquid is commonly used in a bulb thermometer?
Alcohol or mercury
What is conduction?
Heat transfer through direct contact
Which state of matter expands the most?
Gases
Do all objects have thermal energy?
Yes, all objects have thermal energy
What is temperature?
A measure of the average kinetic energy of particles
What happens to the liquid when temperature increases?
It expands and rises
What is convection?
Heat transfer by movement of fluids
Why do sidewalks have gaps?
To allow expansion when heated
What happens to thermal energy when you hold a hot cup?
Thermal energy transfers from the cup to your hand
What happens to particles as temperature increases?
They move faster
What are the two temperature scales used in weather?
Fahrenheit and Celsius
Where does convection occur?
Liquids and gases
Why does a hot-air balloon rise?
Heated air becomes less dense
When does heat transfer stop?
When objects reach the same temperature
How are temperature and kinetic energy related?
As temperature increases, kinetic energy increases
Which temperature scale is used by scientists worldwide?
Celsius or Kelvin
What are convection currents?
Circular movements of fluids caused by heating and cooling
Why can glass crack in an oven?
It expands unevenly