Definitions
the changing of a substance from a gas to a
liquid
condensation
a ridge or other elevated region that separates watersheds
divide
A large percentage of water evaporates from the ocean and travels through the water cycle to be delivered on land through precipitation.
False. A very small percentage of water is actually transported over land to fall in the form of precipitation.
What property of water describes the force of attraction that allows water molecules
to form bonds with plant root cells?
a cohesion
b adhesion
c surface tension
d absorption
b
Name and explain the major components of the water cycle
evaporation: liquid water changes to water vapor
transpiration: plants take in liquid water and release water vapor
condensation: water vapor changes to liquid water
precipitation: liquid water falls from the atmosphere
sublimation: frozen water changes to water vapor without becoming a liquid
the process by which nitrate or phosphate
compounds overenrich a body of water and
deplete it of oxygen
eutrophication
an area that has been depleted of oxygen by eutrophication
dead zone
Local water budgets are usually balanced.
False. Local water budgets are not usually balanced. The global water budget is balanced.
In which underground layer do the pores contain mostly air although the materials
are moist?
a zone of saturation
b water table
c zone of aeration
d aquifer
Describe the different groundwater zones.
zone of aeration: the underground region where pore spaces contain air and water
zone of saturation: the underground region where pore spaces are saturated with water
the loss of water by plants
transpiration
the process that converts solids directly into gases without first becoming a liquid
sublimation
Lakes are always deeper than ponds.
False. Some ponds are deeper than lakes.
Plant transpiration rates are affected by
a wind.
b temperature.
c precipitation.
d all of the above.
d
What is the difference between hard and soft water?
Hard water contains a high concentration of dissolved minerals, such as calcium and magnesium. Soft water contains a low concentration of dissolved minerals
the underground region where pore spaces are saturated with groundwater
the underground region where pore spaces contain air and water
zone of saturation
zone of aeration
a structure built to prevent a river from overflowing
leevee
Water has a higher rate of permeability through gravel than through clay.
True
Which process in the water cycle occurs first?
a precipitation
b condensation
c evaporation
d none of the above
d
How do people benefit from the fast-moving water found in youthful rivers?
people have been able to use fast-moving rivers to generate hydroelectric and thermoelectric power, use them for irrigation, and engage in recreational activities
an explosive growth of algae caused by too many nutrients in the water
a permeable underground layer of rock
algal bloom
aquifer
all the water found underground
groundwater
Hard water contains dissolved minerals such as calcium and magnesium
True
What are hot springs that periodically erupt?
a geysers
b karsts
c aquifers
d sinkholes
Much of the absorbent topsoil and vegetation in an area is replaced by impermeable surfaces in a process known as
a ruralization.
b urbanization.
c metropolitanization.
d pastoralization.
A
B
Explain why there is a small percentage of plant and animal life at deeper water depths in ponds and lakes.
What are the benefits of building dams for hydroelectric power? What might the negative effect be?
Sunlight cannot penetrate to the lower depths, and without sunlight, plants and animals are unable to thrive
Hydroelectric power does not produce air pollution; it's one of the ;East expensive sources of energy; well understood technology; and dams cost less to maintain compared to other types of power plants.
Dams change the natural environment; trap debris that can clog reservoirs; health can be affected by the drinking water